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arXiv:2401.07424 · The Journal of Chemical Physics

Observing quantum coherent oscillations in a three-level atom via electromagnetically induced transparency by two-dimensional spectroscopy

Jing-Yi-Ran Jin, Hao-Yue Zhang, Yi-Xuan Yao, R. Y. Chen, Qing Ai

Published Jan 3, 2025• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) has high spectral resolution and is a useful tool for studying atomic dynamics. In this paper, we show a smallest unit of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for 2DES, i.e., a three-level system. It is found that the original main peak is split into four small ones due to the introduction of EIT. It suggests that the homogeneous broadening of 2DES can be effectively reduced by EIT. Moreover, in sharp contrast to a constant height, the height of the peaks will manifest a damped oscillation with respect to the population time. It seems that the quantum-beat phenomenon appears. These findings may help us obtain more information about the dynamics of excited states.

DOI
10.1063/5.0238336

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Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) has high spectral resolution and is a useful tool for studying atomic dynamics. In this paper, we show a smallest unit of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for 2DES, i.e., a three-level system. It is found that the original main peak is split into four small ones due to the introduction of EIT. It suggests that the homogeneous broadening of 2DES can be effectively reduced by EIT. Moreover, in sharp contrast to a constant height, the height of the peaks will manifest a damped oscillation with respect to the population time. It seems that the quantum-beat phenomenon appears. These findings may help us obtain more information about the dynamics of excited states.
Dissipation and decoherence of quantum systems in thermal environments is important to various spectroscopies. It is generally believed that dissipation can broaden the line shape of spectroscopies, and thus stronger system-bath interaction can result in more significant homogeneous broadening of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). Here we show that the case can be the opposite in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We predict that assisted by EIT, the homogeneous broadening of the 2DES at a higher temperature can be significantly reduced due to the detailed balance. This anomalous effect is due to the long-lasting off-diagonal peaks in 2DES.
Atomic coherence and interference play an important role in the study of the atom-photon interactions. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an extensively studied two-photon coherence phenomenon theoretically as well as experimentally. EIT is mainly observed in three-level atomic systems which causes transparency by quenching absorption of the medium. In this paper, based on the lambda type three-level system including energy level |1>, |2> and |3>, a microwave driving field is introduced between the excited-state energy level |3> and another excited-state energy level |4> to form an inverted Y-type four-level system. We theoretically study the two- and three-photon coherence in this system. The results show that the coupling field makes the probing absorption intensity at the resonant frequency have a very narrow line-width depression, i.e., EIT. The microwave field causes a dynamic Stark splitting of the energy level |3> and induces the Aulter-Townes double peaks. Their frequency interval is exactly equal to the Rabi frequency of the microwave field. The presence of all three fields induces wide window of EIT at the line center owing to the enhanced depression results. The transient evolution is also discussed to understand the optical switching process in the system. Our theoretical study will be helpful to get a deeper insight into the three-photon effects in multilevel systems.
The quantum coherence phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is observed in a three-level system composed of an excited state and two coherent superpositions of the two ground-state levels. This peculiar ground state basis is composed of the so-called bright and dark states of the same atomic system in a standard coherent population trapping configuration. The characteristics of EIT, namely, width of the transmission window and reduced group velocity of light, in this unusual basis, are theoretically and experimentally investigated and are shown to be essentially identical to those of standard EIT in the same system.
We have performed electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and two-photon absorption experiments in ladder-type three-level systems in a hot sodium atomic vapor, using the 3S1/2-3P1/2-4D3/2, 3S1/2-3P3/2-4D3/2,5/2, 3S1/2-3P1/2-5S1/2, and 3S1/2-3P3/2-5S1/2 transitions. In particular, in the most pronounced 3S1/2-3P1/2-4D3/2 system, we have observed quite unique spectral line shapes that are superpositions of sharp dips and peaks, in contrast to ordinary EIT spectra. The peaks and dips have apparently different physical origins, and the line shape can be interpreted as the interference between EIT and two-step excitation.
Steady-state dynamics of a \ensuremath{\Lambda} atom in a ring cavity driven by two coherent fields are studied for arbitrary detunings, arbitrary incoherent pumping, and coherent driving intensities. Effects of both cavity and effective atom number on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) are pointed out. New physical pictures for cavity EIT are given in terms of collective cooperative coefficients and dispersion experienced by the probe. In the regime of smaller collective cooperative coefficients, an absorption-gain profile is reduced to that of a general EIT estimated by the imaginary part of a corresponding dipole moment, and its transparency window is directly proportional to power broadening, if the total Rabi frequency is large enough. But in the region of larger collective cooperative coefficients which means a dense atomic medium, longer optical path, or high-Q cavity, EIT is determined not only by the imaginary part but also by the real part of the corresponding dipole moment, which results in the possibility of observing an EIT central peak with a subnatural width, while there may be nearly no power broadening.
We report here an effect in a four-level ladderlike system, which is in contrast to the usual quantum interference effects such as electromagnetically induced transperency (EIT) or coherent population trapping: we predict the occurrence of a narrow absorption peak within the EIT window when an EIT atomic system interacts with an additional driving rf field. The Doppler-free-central absorption appears when the three-photon resonance condition is satisfied. In the limit of the rf field strength ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{\mathrm{rf}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0, the usual EIT profile is recovered.