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arXiv:2311.16257 · Quantum Science and Technology

Perspective on new implementations of atomtronic circuits

Juan Polo, Wayne Jordan Chetcuti, Enrico C. Domanti, Philip J. Kitson, Andreas Osterloh, Francesco Perciavalle, Vijay Pal Singh, Luigi Amico A

Published May 8, 2024• 22 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract In this article, we provide perspectives for atomtronics circuits on quantum technology platforms beyond simple bosonic or fermionic cold atom matter-wave currents. Specifically, we consider (i) matter-wave schemes with multi-component quantum fluids; (ii) networks of Rydberg atoms that provide a radically new concept of atomtronics circuits in which the flow, rather than in terms of matter, occurs through excitations; (iii) hybrid matterwave circuits—a combination of ultracold atomtronic circuits with other quantum platforms that can lead to circuits beyond the standard solutions and provide new schemes for integrated matter-wave networks. We also sketch how driving these systems can open new pathways for atomtronics.

DOI
10.1088/2058-9565/ad48b2

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Abstract In this article, we provide perspectives for atomtronics circuits on quantum technology platforms beyond simple bosonic or fermionic cold atom matter-wave currents. Specifically, we consider (i) matter-wave schemes with multi-component quantum fluids; (ii) networks of Rydberg atoms that provide a radically new concept of atomtronics circuits in which the flow, rather than in terms of matter, occurs through excitations; (iii) hybrid matterwave circuits—a combination of ultracold atomtronic circuits with other quantum platforms that can lead to circuits beyond the standard solutions and provide new schemes for integrated matter-wave networks. We also sketch how driving these systems can open new pathways for atomtronics.
Atomtronics is an emerging field of quantum technology dealing with matter-wave circuits of ultra-cold atoms manipulated in magnetic or laser-generated guides of different shapes and intensity. Atomtronic circuits are promised to define quantum networks of new types in which coherent fluids can be feasibly controlled with the know how of the atomic and molecular physics quantum technology. This way, atomtronics can provide the basis for new quantum devices with enhanced precision, control and flexibility. At the same time, new quantum simulators and emulators harnessing coherent current flows can be defined. Here, we survey the atomtronics-enabled quantum technology and we draw a roadmap on the field for the years to come. The latest progress achieved in matter-wave circuits design and atom-chips are reviewed. Atomtronic networks have been used as platforms to study many-body physics in a new way, both at equilibrium and at non-equilibrium. Relevant problems in mesoscopic physics, like persistent currents and quantum transport in circuits of fermionic or bosonic atoms, have been studied with a new twist. We discuss the state of the art and the perspectives for the quantum devices and sensors implied by coherent matter-wave physics principles. Finally, we discuss alkali-earth and Rydberg atoms as great potential platforms for the realization of atomtronic circuits of a new type.
Atomtronics deals with matter-wave circuits of ultracold atoms manipulated through magnetic or laser-generated guides with different shapes and intensities. In this way, new types of quantum networks can be constructed in which coherent fluids are controlled with the know-how developed in the atomic and molecular physics community. In particular, quantum devices with enhanced precision, control, and flexibility of their operating conditions can be accessed. Concomitantly, new quantum simulators and emulators harnessing on the coherent current flows can also be developed. Here, the authors survey the landscape of atomtronics-enabled quantum technology and draw a roadmap for the field in the near future. The authors review some of the latest progress achieved in matter-wave circuits' design and atom-chips. Atomtronic networks are deployed as promising platforms for probing many-body physics with a new angle and a new twist. The latter can be done at the level of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium situations. Numerous relevant problems in mesoscopic physics, such as persistent currents and quantum transport in circuits of fermionic or bosonic atoms, are studied through a new lens. The authors summarize some of the atomtronics quantum devices and sensors. Finally, the authors discuss alkali-earth and Rydberg atoms as potential platforms for the realization of atomtronic circuits with special features.
Atomtronics is an emerging field that aims to manipulate ultracold atom moving in matter wave circuits for both fundamental studies in quantum science and technological applications. In this colloquium, we review recent progress in matter-wave circuitry and atomtronics-based quantum technology. After a short introduction to the basic physical principles and the key experimental techniques needed to realize atomtronic systems, we describe the physics of matter-waves in simple circuits such as ring traps and two-terminal systems. The main experimental observations and outstanding questions are discussed. We also present possible applications to a broad range of quantum technologies, from quantum sensing with atom interferometry to future quantum simulation and quantum computation architectures.
Networks of Rydberg atoms provide a powerful basis for quantum simulators and quantum technologies. Inspired by matter-wave atomtronics, here we engineer switches, diodes, and universal logic gates composed of Rydberg networks. Our schemes control the dynamics of a Rydberg excitation via the antiblockade or facilitation mechanism, allowing for much faster devices compared to cold atom systems. Our approach is robust to noise and can be applied to individually trapped atoms and extensive three-dimensional gases. In analogy to electronics, Rydberg atomtronic devices promise to enhance quantum information processors and quantum simulators.
Ultracold atomic systems have emerged as strong contenders amongst the various quantum systems relevant for developing and implementing quantum technologies due to their enhanced control and flexibility of the operating conditions. In this thesis, we explore persistent currents generated in a ring-shaped quantum gas of strongly interacting \textit{N}-component fermions, specifically the so-called SU(\textit{N}) fermions. Our results, apart from being a relevant contribution to many-body physics, prove the `primum mobile' for a new concept of matter-wave circuits based on SU(\textit{N}) fermionic platforms, opening an exciting chapter in the field of atomtronics. Indeed, the specific properties of quantization are expected to provide the core to fabricate quantum devices with enhanced sensitivity like interferometers. At the same time, SU(\textit{N}) fermionic circuits show promise in engineering cold atoms quantum simulators with this artificial fermionic matter.