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arXiv:2310.18242 · Physical Review A

Rydberg atomtronic devices

Philip J. Kitson, Tobias Haug, Antonino La Magna, O. Morsch, Luigi Amico A

Published Oct 7, 2024• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Networks of Rydberg atoms provide a powerful basis for quantum simulators and quantum technologies. Inspired by matter-wave atomtronics, here we engineer switches, diodes, and universal logic gates composed of Rydberg networks. Our schemes control the dynamics of a Rydberg excitation via the antiblockade or facilitation mechanism, allowing for much faster devices compared to cold atom systems. Our approach is robust to noise and can be applied to individually trapped atoms and extensive three-dimensional gases. In analogy to electronics, Rydberg atomtronic devices promise to enhance quantum information processors and quantum simulators.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.043304

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Networks of Rydberg atoms provide a powerful basis for quantum simulators and quantum technologies. Inspired by matter-wave atomtronics, here we engineer switches, diodes, and universal logic gates composed of Rydberg networks. Our schemes control the dynamics of a Rydberg excitation via the antiblockade or facilitation mechanism, allowing for much faster devices compared to cold atom systems. Our approach is robust to noise and can be applied to individually trapped atoms and extensive three-dimensional gases. In analogy to electronics, Rydberg atomtronic devices promise to enhance quantum information processors and quantum simulators.
Atomtronics is an emerging field of quantum technology dealing with matter-wave circuits of ultra-cold atoms manipulated in magnetic or laser-generated guides of different shapes and intensity. Atomtronic circuits are promised to define quantum networks of new types in which coherent fluids can be feasibly controlled with the know how of the atomic and molecular physics quantum technology. This way, atomtronics can provide the basis for new quantum devices with enhanced precision, control and flexibility. At the same time, new quantum simulators and emulators harnessing coherent current flows can be defined. Here, we survey the atomtronics-enabled quantum technology and we draw a roadmap on the field for the years to come. The latest progress achieved in matter-wave circuits design and atom-chips are reviewed. Atomtronic networks have been used as platforms to study many-body physics in a new way, both at equilibrium and at non-equilibrium. Relevant problems in mesoscopic physics, like persistent currents and quantum transport in circuits of fermionic or bosonic atoms, have been studied with a new twist. We discuss the state of the art and the perspectives for the quantum devices and sensors implied by coherent matter-wave physics principles. Finally, we discuss alkali-earth and Rydberg atoms as great potential platforms for the realization of atomtronic circuits of a new type.
Abstract In this article, we provide perspectives for atomtronics circuits on quantum technology platforms beyond simple bosonic or fermionic cold atom matter-wave currents. Specifically, we consider (i) matter-wave schemes with multi-component quantum fluids; (ii) networks of Rydberg atoms that provide a radically new concept of atomtronics circuits in which the flow, rather than in terms of matter, occurs through excitations; (iii) hybrid matterwave circuits—a combination of ultracold atomtronic circuits with other quantum platforms that can lead to circuits beyond the standard solutions and provide new schemes for integrated matter-wave networks. We also sketch how driving these systems can open new pathways for atomtronics.
Unlike the Rydberg blockade regime, the Rydberg antiblockade regime (RABR) allows more than one Rydberg atom to be excited, which can bring other interesting phenomena and applications. We propose an alternative scheme to quickly achieve the RABR. The proposed RABR can be implemented by adjusting the detuning of the classical driving field, which is, in turn, based on the former numbers of the excited Rydberg atoms. In contrast to the former schemes, the current one enables more than two atoms to be excited to Rydberg states in a short period of time and thus is useful for large-scale quantum information processing. The proposed RABR can be used to construct two- and multiqubit quantum logic gates. In addition, a Rydberg excitation superatom, which can decrease the blockade error and enlarge the blockade radius for Rydberg blockade-based schemes, is constructed based on the suggested RABR and used to realize a more robust quantum logic gate. The mechanical effect and the ionization are discussed, and the performance is investigated using the master-equation method. Finally, other possible applications of the present RABR are also given.
Atomtronics deals with matter-wave circuits of ultracold atoms manipulated through magnetic or laser-generated guides with different shapes and intensities. In this way, new types of quantum networks can be constructed in which coherent fluids are controlled with the know-how developed in the atomic and molecular physics community. In particular, quantum devices with enhanced precision, control, and flexibility of their operating conditions can be accessed. Concomitantly, new quantum simulators and emulators harnessing on the coherent current flows can also be developed. Here, the authors survey the landscape of atomtronics-enabled quantum technology and draw a roadmap for the field in the near future. The authors review some of the latest progress achieved in matter-wave circuits' design and atom-chips. Atomtronic networks are deployed as promising platforms for probing many-body physics with a new angle and a new twist. The latter can be done at the level of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium situations. Numerous relevant problems in mesoscopic physics, such as persistent currents and quantum transport in circuits of fermionic or bosonic atoms, are studied through a new lens. The authors summarize some of the atomtronics quantum devices and sensors. Finally, the authors discuss alkali-earth and Rydberg atoms as potential platforms for the realization of atomtronic circuits with special features.
The progress achieved in micro-fabricating potential for cold atoms has defined a new field in quantum technology - Atomtronics - where a variety of 'atom circuits' of very different spatial shapes and depth have been devised for atom manipulation, with a precision that nowadays is approaching that of lithographic techniques. Atomtronic setups are characterized by enhanced flexibility and control of the fundamental mechanisms underlying their functionalities and by the reduced decoherence rate that is typical of cold-atom systems. Such an approach is expected to be instrumental for the realization of quantum devices of a radically new type and, at the same time, to enlarge the scope of cold atom quantum simulators. In this article we give a short overview of the field and draw a roadmap for potential future directions.
A frontier challenge in quantum science and technology is the construction of scalable quantum systems which can operate in regimes beyond classical simulatability. Such systems can be used as tools for simulating and exploring complex phenomena in quantum physics; they can also be used to benchmark and test quantum algorithms. Several experimental platforms, based on a variety of quantum mechanical building blocks, are currently being pursued with these goals in mind, with state-of-the-art systems capable of controlling up to around fifty particles. In this thesis, we present the development of a new platform based on individually controlled neutral atoms. In this approach, hundreds of individual atoms are trapped in an array of optical tweezers, and they are sorted in real-time into programmable geometries in one and two dimensions. After initialization of an array, atom interactions are switched on by coherent excitation to highly excited Rydberg states, resulting in a rich spin Hamiltonian. We experimentally advance several key aspects of this platform, developing new tools for controlling strongly interacting atom arrays and probing novel quantum phases and non-equilibrium dynamics. We additionally utilize Rydberg interactions to entangle atoms, demonstrating high fidelity universal quantum logic gates as well as the preparation of fully entangled Schrödinger cat states. This work highlights the prospects for scalable quantum simulation and quantum information processing beyond the limit of classical computation using neutral atom arrays.