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arXiv:2311.03072

Persistent Currents in Atomtronic Circuits of SU(N) Fermions

Wayne Jordan Chetcuti

Published Nov 6, 2023• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Ultracold atomic systems have emerged as strong contenders amongst the various quantum systems relevant for developing and implementing quantum technologies due to their enhanced control and flexibility of the operating conditions. In this thesis, we explore persistent currents generated in a ring-shaped quantum gas of strongly interacting \textit{N}-component fermions, specifically the so-called SU(\textit{N}) fermions. Our results, apart from being a relevant contribution to many-body physics, prove the `primum mobile' for a new concept of matter-wave circuits based on SU(\textit{N}) fermionic platforms, opening an exciting chapter in the field of atomtronics. Indeed, the specific properties of quantization are expected to provide the core to fabricate quantum devices with enhanced sensitivity like interferometers. At the same time, SU(\textit{N}) fermionic circuits show promise in engineering cold atoms quantum simulators with this artificial fermionic matter.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2311.03072

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Ultracold atomic systems have emerged as strong contenders amongst the various quantum systems relevant for developing and implementing quantum technologies due to their enhanced control and flexibility of the operating conditions. In this thesis, we explore persistent currents generated in a ring-shaped quantum gas of strongly interacting \textit{N}-component fermions, specifically the so-called SU(\textit{N}) fermions. Our results, apart from being a relevant contribution to many-body physics, prove the `primum mobile' for a new concept of matter-wave circuits based on SU(\textit{N}) fermionic platforms, opening an exciting chapter in the field of atomtronics. Indeed, the specific properties of quantization are expected to provide the core to fabricate quantum devices with enhanced sensitivity like interferometers. At the same time, SU(\textit{N}) fermionic circuits show promise in engineering cold atoms quantum simulators with this artificial fermionic matter.
Atomtronics is an emerging field that aims to manipulate ultracold atom moving in matter-wave circuits for fundamental studies in both quantum science and technological applications.I will present the principles of persistent currents for atoms subjected to artificial gauge fields. For the case of a tight transverse confinement, where the system is effectively one-dimensional, I will detail the theoretical models we use to account for the effects of interactions, from weak to strong. I will then present our results on the persistent currents for both bosons and multi-component Fermi gases, as well as the readout protocols envisaged. Finally, I will discuss possible applications to quantum technologies.
Atomtronics deals with matter-wave circuits of ultracold atoms manipulated through magnetic or laser-generated guides with different shapes and intensities. In this way, new types of quantum networks can be constructed in which coherent fluids are controlled with the know-how developed in the atomic and molecular physics community. In particular, quantum devices with enhanced precision, control, and flexibility of their operating conditions can be accessed. Concomitantly, new quantum simulators and emulators harnessing on the coherent current flows can also be developed. Here, the authors survey the landscape of atomtronics-enabled quantum technology and draw a roadmap for the field in the near future. The authors review some of the latest progress achieved in matter-wave circuits' design and atom-chips. Atomtronic networks are deployed as promising platforms for probing many-body physics with a new angle and a new twist. The latter can be done at the level of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium situations. Numerous relevant problems in mesoscopic physics, such as persistent currents and quantum transport in circuits of fermionic or bosonic atoms, are studied through a new lens. The authors summarize some of the atomtronics quantum devices and sensors. Finally, the authors discuss alkali-earth and Rydberg atoms as potential platforms for the realization of atomtronic circuits with special features.
Persistent currents flowing in spatially closed tracks define one of the most iconic concepts in mesoscopic physics . They have been studied in solid-state platforms such as superfluids , superconductors and metals. Cold atoms trapped in magneto-optical toroidal circuits and driven by suitable artificial gauge fields allow us to study persistent currents with unprecedented control and flexibility of the system’s physical conditions. Here, we review persistent currents of ultracold matter. Capitalizing on the remarkable progress in driving different atomic species to quantum degeneracy, persistent currents of single or multicomponent bosons/fermions, and their mixtures can be addressed within the present experimental know-how. This way, fundamental concepts of quantum science and many-body physics , like macroscopic quantum coherence, solitons , vortex dynamics, fermionic pairing and BEC-BCS crossover can be studied from a novel perspective. Finally, we discuss how persistent currents can form the basis of new technological applications like matter-wave gyroscopes and interferometers.
Abstract In this article, we provide perspectives for atomtronics circuits on quantum technology platforms beyond simple bosonic or fermionic cold atom matter-wave currents. Specifically, we consider (i) matter-wave schemes with multi-component quantum fluids; (ii) networks of Rydberg atoms that provide a radically new concept of atomtronics circuits in which the flow, rather than in terms of matter, occurs through excitations; (iii) hybrid matterwave circuits—a combination of ultracold atomtronic circuits with other quantum platforms that can lead to circuits beyond the standard solutions and provide new schemes for integrated matter-wave networks. We also sketch how driving these systems can open new pathways for atomtronics.
We study the persistent current in a system of SU(N) fermions with repulsive interaction, confined in a ring-shaped potential and pierced by an effective magnetic flux. Several surprising effects emerge. As a combined result of spin correlations, (effective) magnetic flux and interaction, spinons can be created in the ground state such that the elementary flux quantum can change its nature. The persistent current landscape is affected dramatically by these changes. In particular, it displays a universal behaviour. Despite its mesoscopic character, the persistent current is able to detect a quantum phase transition (from metallic to Mott phases). Most of, if not all, our results could be experimentally probed within the state-of-the-art quantum technology, with neutral matter-wave circuits providing a particularly relevant platform for our work.
Atomtronics is an emerging field of quantum technology dealing with matter-wave circuits of ultra-cold atoms manipulated in magnetic or laser-generated guides of different shapes and intensity. Atomtronic circuits are promised to define quantum networks of new types in which coherent fluids can be feasibly controlled with the know how of the atomic and molecular physics quantum technology. This way, atomtronics can provide the basis for new quantum devices with enhanced precision, control and flexibility. At the same time, new quantum simulators and emulators harnessing coherent current flows can be defined. Here, we survey the atomtronics-enabled quantum technology and we draw a roadmap on the field for the years to come. The latest progress achieved in matter-wave circuits design and atom-chips are reviewed. Atomtronic networks have been used as platforms to study many-body physics in a new way, both at equilibrium and at non-equilibrium. Relevant problems in mesoscopic physics, like persistent currents and quantum transport in circuits of fermionic or bosonic atoms, have been studied with a new twist. We discuss the state of the art and the perspectives for the quantum devices and sensors implied by coherent matter-wave physics principles. Finally, we discuss alkali-earth and Rydberg atoms as great potential platforms for the realization of atomtronic circuits of a new type.