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arXiv:2303.12348 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Superconductivity in the lightly doped Hubbard model on the cylindrical honeycomb lattice

Cheng Peng, D. N. Sheng, Hong‐Chen Jiang

Published Feb 3, 2025• 3 citations
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Abstract

We have performed large-scale density-matrix renormalization group studies of the lightly doped Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice on long three- and four-leg cylinders. We find that the ground state of the system upon lightly doping is consistent with that of a superconducting state with coexisting quasi-long-range superconducting and charge density wave orders. Both the superconducting and charge density wave correlations decay as a power law at long distances with corresponding exponents ${K}_{sc}<2$ and ${K}_{c}<2$. On the contrary, the spin-spin and single-particle correlations decay exponentially, although with relatively long correlation lengths.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.111.085108

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We have performed large-scale density-matrix renormalization group studies of the lightly doped Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice on long three- and four-leg cylinders. We find that the ground state of the system upon lightly doping is consistent with that of a superconducting state with coexisting quasi-long-range superconducting and charge density wave orders. Both the superconducting and charge density wave correlations decay as a power law at long distances with corresponding exponents Ksc<2{K}_{sc}<2Ksc​<2 and Kc<2{K}_{c}<2Kc​<2. On the contrary, the spin-spin and single-particle correlations decay exponentially, although with relatively long correlation lengths.
We report a density-matrix renormalization group study of the lightly doped $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ model on a four-leg cylinder with doped hole concentrations per site $\ensuremath{\delta}=5%\text{--}12.5%$. By keeping an unusually large number of states and long system sizes, we are able to accurately document the interplay between superconductivity, spin, and charge-density-wave orders. The long-distance behavior is consistent with that of a Luther-Emery liquid with a spin gap and power-law charge-density-wave and superconducting correlations. This is the widest $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ or Hubbard system in which power-law superconducting correlations have been established.
Abstract We study the effects of doping the Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice where the spins interact via the bond-directional interaction JK, which is known to have a quantum spin liquid as its exact ground state. The effect of hole doping is studied within the t-JK model on a three-leg cylinder using density-matrix renormalization group. Upon light doping, we find that the ground state of the system has a dominant quasi-long-range charge-density-wave correlations but short-range single-particle correlations. In the pairing channel, the even-parity superconducting correlation is dominant with d-wave-like symmetry, which oscillates in sign as a function of separation with a period equal to that of the spin-density wave and two times the charge-density wave. Although these correlations fall rapidly (possibly exponentially) at long distances, this is never-the-less the example where a pair-density wave is the leading instability in the pairing channel on the honeycomb lattice.
Superconductivity in doped quantum paramagnets has been a subject of long theoretical inquiry. In this work, we report a density matrix renormalization group study of lightly doped $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ models on the finite-width square lattice (doped hole densities $\ensuremath{\delta}=1/12$ and 1/8) with parameters for which previous studies have suggested that the undoped system in 2D is either a quantum spin liquid or a valence bond crystal. Our studies are performed on cylinders with width up to 8. Ground-state correlations are found to be nearly identical for the ``doped quantum spin liquid'' and ``doped valence bond crystal.'' Upon increasing the cylinder widths from 4 to 8, we observed a significant strengthening of the quasi-long-range superconducting correlations and a dramatic suppression of any ``competing'' charge density wave order. Extrapolating from the observed behavior of the width eight cylinders, we speculate that the system has a nodeless ddd-wave superconducting ground state in the 2D limit.
We have performed density-matrix renormalization group studies of a square lattice $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ model with small hole doping, $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\ll}1$, on long four and six-leg cylinders. We include frustration in the form of a second-neighbor exchange coupling, J2=J1/2{J}_{2}={J}_{1}/2J2​=J1​/2, such that the undoped ($\ensuremath{\delta}=0$) ``parent'' state is a quantum spin liquid. In contrast to the relatively short range superconducting (SC) correlations that have been observed in recent studies of the six-leg cylinder in the absence of frustration, we find power-law SC correlations with a Luttinger exponent, ${K}_{\mathrm{SC}}\ensuremath{\approx}1$, consistent with a strongly diverging SC susceptibility, $\ensuremath{\chi}\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}(2\ensuremath{-}{K}_{\mathrm{SC}})}$ as the temperature $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. The spin-spin correlations---as in the undoped state---fall exponentially suggesting that the SC ``pairing'' correlations evolve smoothly from the insulating parent state.
Abstract We study the ground state properties of the Hubbard model on three-leg triangular cylinders using large-scale density-matrix renormalization group simulations. At half-filling, we identify an intermediate gapless spin liquid phase, which has one gapless spin mode and algebraic spin–spin correlations but exponential decay scalar chiral–chiral correlations, between a metallic phase at weak coupling and Mott insulating dimer phase at strong interaction. Upon light doping the gapless spin liquid, the system exhibits power-law charge-density-wave (CDW) correlations but short-range single-particle, spin–spin, and chiral–chiral correlations. Similar to CDW correlations, the superconducting correlations also decay in power-law but oscillate in sign as a function of distance, which is consistent with the striped pair-density wave. When further doping the gapless spin liquid phase or doping the dimer order phase, another phase takes over, which has similar CDW correlations but all other correlations decay exponentially.
A pair density wave (PDW) is a superconducting (SC) state with a spatially modulated order parameter. Although much is known about the properties of the PDW state, its realization in microscopic models with divergent susceptibility has been challenging. Here we report a density-matrix renormalization group study of a three-band Hubbard model (also known as the Emery model) for cuprates on long two-leg square cylinders. Upon light doping, we find that the ground state of the system is consistent with that of a PDW state with mutually commensurate and power-law SC, charge (CDW), and spin (SDW) density wave correlations. The SC correlations are dominant between neighboring Cu sites with ddd-wave pairing symmetry. Interestingly, we find that the near-neighbor interactions, especially the near-neighbor attractive Vpd{V}_{pd}Vpd​ interaction between neighboring Cu and oxygen sites, can notably enhance the SC correlations while simultaneously suppressing the CDW correlations. For a modestly strong attractive Vpd{V}_{pd}Vpd​, the SC correlations become quasi-long-ranged with a divergent PDW susceptibility.