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arXiv:2211.10457

A quantum-bit encoding converter

Tom Darras, Beate E. Asenbeck, Giovanni Guccione, Adrien Cavaillès, Hanna Le Jeannic, Julien Laurat

Published Nov 18, 2022• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

From telecommunication to computing architectures, the realm of classical information hinges on converter technology to enable the exchange of data between digital and analog formats, a process now routinely performed across a variety of electronic devices. A similar exigency exists as well in quantum information technology where different frameworks are being developed for quantum computing, communication, and sensing. Thus, efficient quantum interconnects are a major need to bring these parallel approaches together and scale up quantum information systems. So far, however, the conversion between different optical quantum-bit encodings has remained challenging due to the difficulty of preserving fragile quantum superpositions and the demanding requirements for postselection-free implementations. Here we demonstrate such a conversion of quantum information between the two main paradigms, namely discrete- and continuous-variable qubits. We certify the protocol on a complete set of single-photon qubits, successfully converting them to cat-state qubits with fidelities exceeding the classical limit. Our result demonstrates an essential tool for enabling interconnected quantum devices and architectures with enhanced versatility and scalability.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2211.10457

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From telecommunication to computing architectures, the realm of classical information hinges on converter technology to enable the exchange of data between digital and analog formats, a process now routinely performed across a variety of electronic devices. A similar exigency exists as well in quantum information technology where different frameworks are being developed for quantum computing, communication, and sensing. Thus, efficient quantum interconnects are a major need to bring these parallel approaches together and scale up quantum information systems. So far, however, the conversion between different optical quantum-bit encodings has remained challenging due to the difficulty of preserving fragile quantum superpositions and the demanding requirements for postselection-free implementations. Here we demonstrate such a conversion of quantum information between the two main paradigms, namely discrete- and continuous-variable qubits. We certify the protocol on a complete set of single-photon qubits, successfully converting them to cat-state qubits with fidelities exceeding the classical limit. Our result demonstrates an essential tool for enabling interconnected quantum devices and architectures with enhanced versatility and scalability.
To advance quantum information technologies, many quantum devices and protocols are being developed based on a variety of physical systems, including photons, atoms, mechanical oscillators, solidstate or superconducting devices. Implementations do not only choose between the vast landscape of platforms but also between favoured degrees of freedom and the advantages they can provide [1]. The capability to convert between different encodings is key to linking separate devices in a future heterogeneous quantum network [2]. Such a process is challenging as it requires one to preserve fragile quantum superpositions during the transcoding while functioning as a black box with propagating input and output qubits, a requisite that demands the process to be heralded and free of post-selection. Here we report the experimental realization of such a converter in the optical domain [3], [4], schematically shown in Fig. 1a.
To advance quantum information science and technologies, a wide variety of quantum machines and protocols are being developed based on different physical systems. Interconnecting these systems is a grand challenge to scale up quantum information architectures. This effort requires to develop specialized photonic devices and capabilities, ranging from efficient photon extraction for qubit connectivity to the implementation of advanced optical memories. In this talk, I will provide an overview of the opportunities presented by networking, including long-distance quantum communications and distributed quantum computing. I will also present our recent experimental demonstrations, which enable the realization of a quantum-bit-encoding converter, the implementation and use of highly-efficient quantum memories based on laser-cooled neutral atoms, and the development of nanophotonic devices for qubit coupling.
To advance quantum information science and technologies, a wide variety of quantum machines and protocols are being developed based on different physical systems. Interconnecting these systems is a grand challenge to scale up quantum information architectures. This effort requires to develop specialized photonic devices and capabilities, ranging from efficient photon extraction for qubit connectivity to the implementation of advanced optical memories. In this talk, I will provide an overview of the opportunities presented by networking, including long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computing. I will also present our recent experimental demonstrations, which enable the realization of a quantum-bit-encoding converter, the implementation and use of highly-efficient quantum memories based on laser-cooled neutral atoms, and the development of nanophotonic devices for qubit coupling.
Quantum information processing opens up completely new possibilities in communication and computation, that would be impossible in the realms of classical physics. While the benefits of quantum information processing are well understood in theory, it remains a formidable challenge to experimentally implement even simple quantum information processing tasks. Numerous physical architectures have been proposed for preparing and coherently manipulating quantum information. Amongst these, quantum optics has been identified as a particularly promising candidate. In particular this arises from the long decoherence times of single photon states, which can be used to encode logical qubits in a variety of ways. Nonetheless, there remain formidable challenges to implementing large scale quantum information processing using optical qubits. Most notably these include: the preparation of pure indistinguishable photons; efficient number-resolving photo-detection; mode-matching; photon loss; and the non-determinism of entangling gates. Any future large scale implementation of optical quantum information processing protocols will require significant advances on most, if not all these fronts. In this thesis we aim to present a comprehensive overview of the major requirements for optical quantum information processing, understand the effects they have, and how they can be modeled. From this we aim to understand what the realistic technological requirements are to achieve scalable optical quantum information processing, and, where possible, suggest means by which to help achieve these goals.
Realising a global quantum network requires combining individual strengths of different quantum systems to perform universal tasks, notably using flying and stationary qubits. However, transferring coherently quantum information between different systems is challenging as they usually feature different properties, notably in terms of operation wavelength and wavepacket. To circumvent this problem for quantum photonics systems, we demonstrate a polarisation-preserving quantum frequency conversion device in which telecom wavelength photons are converted to the near infrared, at which a variety of quantum memories operate. Our device is essentially free of noise, which we demonstrate through near perfect single photon state transfer tomography and observation of high-fidelity entanglement after conversion. In addition, our guided-wave setup is robust, compact, and easily adaptable to other wavelengths. This approach therefore represents a major building block towards advantageously connecting quantum information systems based on light and matter.