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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

A Quantum-Bit Encoding Converter

Beate E. Asenbeck, Tom Darras, Giovanni Guccione, Adrien Cavaillès, Ambroise Boyer, Hanna Le Jeannic, Julien Laurat

Published Jun 26, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

To advance quantum information technologies, many quantum devices and protocols are being developed based on a variety of physical systems, including photons, atoms, mechanical oscillators, solidstate or superconducting devices. Implementations do not only choose between the vast landscape of platforms but also between favoured degrees of freedom and the advantages they can provide [1]. The capability to convert between different encodings is key to linking separate devices in a future heterogeneous quantum network [2]. Such a process is challenging as it requires one to preserve fragile quantum superpositions during the transcoding while functioning as a black box with propagating input and output qubits, a requisite that demands the process to be heralded and free of post-selection. Here we report the experimental realization of such a converter in the optical domain [3], [4], schematically shown in Fig. 1a.

DOI
10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10232173

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To advance quantum information technologies, many quantum devices and protocols are being developed based on a variety of physical systems, including photons, atoms, mechanical oscillators, solidstate or superconducting devices. Implementations do not only choose between the vast landscape of platforms but also between favoured degrees of freedom and the advantages they can provide [1]. The capability to convert between different encodings is key to linking separate devices in a future heterogeneous quantum network [2]. Such a process is challenging as it requires one to preserve fragile quantum superpositions during the transcoding while functioning as a black box with propagating input and output qubits, a requisite that demands the process to be heralded and free of post-selection. Here we report the experimental realization of such a converter in the optical domain [3], [4], schematically shown in Fig. 1a.
From telecommunication to computing architectures, the realm of classical information hinges on converter technology to enable the exchange of data between digital and analog formats, a process now routinely performed across a variety of electronic devices. A similar exigency exists as well in quantum information technology where different frameworks are being developed for quantum computing, communication, and sensing. Thus, efficient quantum interconnects are a major need to bring these parallel approaches together and scale up quantum information systems. So far, however, the conversion between different optical quantum-bit encodings has remained challenging due to the difficulty of preserving fragile quantum superpositions and the demanding requirements for postselection-free implementations. Here we demonstrate such a conversion of quantum information between the two main paradigms, namely discrete- and continuous-variable qubits. We certify the protocol on a complete set of single-photon qubits, successfully converting them to cat-state qubits with fidelities exceeding the classical limit. Our result demonstrates an essential tool for enabling interconnected quantum devices and architectures with enhanced versatility and scalability.
In the last years the increasing complexity of quantum information protocols triggered the development of integrated waveguide technology for quantum applications [1-3] such that stability is intrinsically obtained thanks to the combination of many optical elements on a monolithic chip and scalability is potentially achievable. In this context the realization of integrated sources of quantum light is of fundamental interest. Some experimental implementations using parametric down conversion in nonlinear materials [4], as well as in semiconductors [5] have been reported. However, in the landscape of integrated devices, the realization of one important source of entangled states is still missing: a source of spectrally indistinguishable photon pairs emitted on two different spatial modes, which share entanglement in the polarization degree of freedom without the need of post-selection. This source is widely adopted in bulk setups [6], indeed entanglement is a fundamental requirement for quantum information purposes and the polarization of photons is the most used degree of freedom for quantum information encoding. However the implementation of such a scheme in integrated waveguides is a challenging task due to the combination of orthogonal polarizations and the need of two different spatial modes.
To advance quantum information science and technologies, a wide variety of quantum machines and protocols are being developed based on different physical systems. Interconnecting these systems is a grand challenge to scale up quantum information architectures. This effort requires to develop specialized photonic devices and capabilities, ranging from efficient photon extraction for qubit connectivity to the implementation of advanced optical memories. In this talk, I will provide an overview of the opportunities presented by networking, including long-distance quantum communications and distributed quantum computing. I will also present our recent experimental demonstrations, which enable the realization of a quantum-bit-encoding converter, the implementation and use of highly-efficient quantum memories based on laser-cooled neutral atoms, and the development of nanophotonic devices for qubit coupling.
To advance quantum information science and technologies, a wide variety of quantum machines and protocols are being developed based on different physical systems. Interconnecting these systems is a grand challenge to scale up quantum information architectures. This effort requires to develop specialized photonic devices and capabilities, ranging from efficient photon extraction for qubit connectivity to the implementation of advanced optical memories. In this talk, I will provide an overview of the opportunities presented by networking, including long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computing. I will also present our recent experimental demonstrations, which enable the realization of a quantum-bit-encoding converter, the implementation and use of highly-efficient quantum memories based on laser-cooled neutral atoms, and the development of nanophotonic devices for qubit coupling.