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arXiv:2210.12011 · Physical Review A

Tailoring population transfer between two hyperfine ground states of Rb87

Aleksandra Sierant, Marek Kopciuch, Szymon Pustelny

Published May 24, 2023• 2 citations
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Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the coherent control over a complex multilevel atomic system using the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Based on the example of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms, excited with circularly polarized light at the ${D}_{1}$ line, we demonstrate the ability to decompose the system into three- and four-level subsystems independently interacting with light beams. Focusing on the four-level system, we demonstrate that the presence of an additional excited state significantly affects the dynamics of the system evolution. Specifically, it is shown that, through the appropriate tuning of the light beams, some of the transfer channels can be blocked, which leads to better control over the system. We also demonstrate that this effect is most significant in media free from inhomogeneous broadening (e.g., Doppler effect) and deteriorates if such broadening is present. For instance, the motion of atoms affects both the efficiency and selectivity of the transfer.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.107.052810

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In this paper, we investigate the coherent control over a complex multilevel atomic system using the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Based on the example of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms, excited with circularly polarized light at the D1{D}_{1}D1​ line, we demonstrate the ability to decompose the system into three- and four-level subsystems independently interacting with light beams. Focusing on the four-level system, we demonstrate that the presence of an additional excited state significantly affects the dynamics of the system evolution. Specifically, it is shown that, through the appropriate tuning of the light beams, some of the transfer channels can be blocked, which leads to better control over the system. We also demonstrate that this effect is most significant in media free from inhomogeneous broadening (e.g., Doppler effect) and deteriorates if such broadening is present. For instance, the motion of atoms affects both the efficiency and selectivity of the transfer.
We report an experimental observation of coherent population transfer in a multilevel system by adiabatic following through a trapped state. Raman transitions between ground-state sublevels are induced by two partially overlapping ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ polarized laser beams, tuned to the hyperfine transition F=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F'=4 of the cesium D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ line. An efficiency of more than 50% is observed for the mF{\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{F}}mF​=+4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}mF{\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{F}}mF​=-4 population transfer. The influence of other excited hyperfine levels on the transfer efficiency is pointed out. The feasibility of the technique with counterpropagating laser beams is also demonstrated.
Coherent population transfer and superposition of atomic states via a technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in an excited-doublet four-level atomic system have been analyzed. It is shown that the behavior of adiabatic passage in this system depends crucially on the detunings between the laser frequencies and the corresponding atomic transition frequencies. Particularly, if both the fields are tuned to the center of the two upper levels, the four-level system has two degenerate dark states, although one of them contains the contribution from the excited atomic states. The nonadiabatic coupling of the two degenerate dark states is intrinsic, it originates from the energy difference of the two upper levels. An arbitrary superposition of atomic states can be prepared due to such nonadiabatic coupling effect.
We report an experimental study of coherent population trapping and four-wave mixing via multilevel dark states prepared in the ground hyperfine states of 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms. The dark states are created by \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type coupling chains driven by a linearly polarized pump laser tuned to the D1{D}_{1}D1​ $F=2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=1$ transition. The Doppler shift in the coupling chains is compensated by the left- and right-circularly polarized components of the pump laser. The multilevel dark states are explored by a probe laser and their existence is manifested by a strong dependence of the probe excitation and four-wave-mixing emission on the probe polarization. Our experiment shows that coherent population trapping in multilevel dark states of a degenerate atomic system should be useful in the coherence control of optical nonlinearity.
We report an experimental observation of coherent population trapping in multilevel dark states prepared in the ground hyperfine states of 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms confined in a room-temperature vapor cell. The dark states are created by a linearly polarized coupling laser that is tuned to the 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb D1{D}_{1}D1​ $F=2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=1$ or 2 transition and establishes \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type transition chains. The Doppler shift for the \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type transition chains is compensated by the left and right circularly polarized components of the coupling laser. The multilevel dark states that consist of three or two magnetic sublevels among the five degenerate magnetic sublevels in the F=2F=2F=2 ground hyperfine state are probed by a weak probe laser scanned across the same D1{D}_{1}D1​ transition and their existence is manifested by a strong dependence of the probe excitation on the probe polarization. Our experiment demonstrates the importance of coherent population trapping in a laser coupled degenerate multilevel open atomic system, which may play an important role in diverse physical phenomena such as atom cooling and trapping, optical pumping, and multiple laser excitation and ionization of atoms and molecules.
The effect of the collisions on the control of coherent population transfer in a closed inverse YYY-type four-level system driven by three laser fields is investigated with the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique. An arbitrary coherent superposition between the initial state and target state can be created either by varying the Rabi frequency of the control laser field or by tuning the one-photon detunings of the pump and Stokes laser fields. When the three laser fields with nearly equal peak Rabi frequencies are each tuned to resonance with the respective transitions, the low transfer efficiency due to the nonadiabatic coupling between two degenerate adiabatic states could be enhanced dramatically with the increase of the collision-induced coherence decay rates to the value nearly comparable to the Rabi frequency of the control field. The enhanced transfer efficiency results from the collision-controlled electromagnetically induced transparency in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type three-level subsystem and electromagnetically induced absorption in the ladder-type three-level subsystem of the four-level system.
It is possible to prepare atoms or molecules in a selected excited state, one efficient way is to transfer population by stimulated-Raman-adiabatic-passage, but must understand off-resonant effects in coherent excitation in order to improve the efficient of transfer. Here, consider the transfer of population in a three-level system of stimulated-Raman- adiabatic-passage with computer analysis. The transfer efficiency of two-photon resonant is worked out and the outcome demonstrates the possibility of complete transfer. Also analysis the effect of two-photon off-resonant, single-photon off-resonant and difference of laser's intension.