Physical Review A

Adiabatic population transfer in a multilevel system

P. Pillet, Constance Valentin, Ruixia Yuan, Jia Yu

Published Jul 1, 1993• 97 citations

Abstract

We report an experimental observation of coherent population transfer in a multilevel system by adiabatic following through a trapped state. Raman transitions between ground-state sublevels are induced by two partially overlapping ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ polarized laser beams, tuned to the hyperfine transition F=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F'=4 of the cesium ${\mathit{D}}_{2}$ line. An efficiency of more than 50% is observed for the ${\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{F}}$=+4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{F}}$=-4 population transfer. The influence of other excited hyperfine levels on the transfer efficiency is pointed out. The feasibility of the technique with counterpropagating laser beams is also demonstrated.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.845

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Physical Review A

Adiabatic population transfer in a multilevel system

P. Pillet, Constance Valentin, Ruixia Yuan, Jia Yu

Published Jul 1, 1993• 97 citations

Publisher

Abstract

{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}

polarized laser beams, tuned to the hyperfine transition F=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F'=4 of the cesium

{\mathit{D}}_{2}

line. An efficiency of more than 50% is observed for the

{\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{F}}

=+4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}

{\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{F}}

=-4 population transfer. The influence of other excited hyperfine levels on the transfer efficiency is pointed out. The feasibility of the technique with counterpropagating laser beams is also demonstrated.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.845

Related papers

Adiabatic transfer in j ↦j and j ↦j - 1 transitions

Constance Valentin, Jin Yu, P. Pillet

Coherent transfer in multilevel systems by adiabatic passage through a trapped state has experimentally shown very different efficiencies for the two hyperfine components F = 4 ↦F' = 4 and F = 4 ↦F' = 3 of the cesium D2 line. If an efficiency up to 55 % is observed for mF = 4 ↦mF =- 4 population transfer with the F = 4 ↦F' = 4 component, it is never better than 25 % for the F = 4 ↦F' = 3 one. We report here a theoretical interpretation of these experimental results. We show in particular that the F = 4 ↦F' = 3 transition is much more sensitive to any diffused light, which can destroy totally the trapped state.Coherent transfer in multilevel systems by adiabatic passage through a trapped state has experimentally shown very different efficiencies for the two hyperfine components F = 4 ↦F' = 4 and F = 4 ↦F' = 3 of the cesium D2 line. If an efficiency up to 55 % is observed for mF = 4 ↦mF =- 4 population transfer with the F = 4 ↦F' = 4 component, it is never better than 25 % for the F = 4 ↦F' = 3 one. We report here a theoretical interpretation of these experimental results. We show in particular that the F = 4 ↦F' = 3 transition is much more sensitive to any diffused light, which can destroy totally the trapped state.

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The feasibility of a novel technique for efficient and selective population transfer from a thermally populated level 1 via an intermediate state 2 to level 3 is experimentally demonstrated. It is shown for sodium dimers that the process of on- or near-resonance stimulated Raman scattering with only partially overlapping laser beams is, in particular, useful for the selective population of high vibrational levels of particles in a molecular beam. This is achieved when the interaction with the Stokes laser, coupling levels 2 and 3, begins earlier than the interaction with the pump laser. The phenomenon, which is closely related to the formation of ‘‘trapped states,’’ is quantitatively explained using the basis of eigenstates of molecules strongly coupled to the radiation fields. The similarity and difference to related techniques such as rapid adiabatic passage phenomena in two-level systems, off-resonant stimulated Raman scattering, or stimulated emission pumping is briefly discussed.The feasibility of a novel technique for efficient and selective population transfer from a thermally populated level 1 via an intermediate state 2 to level 3 is experimentally demonstrated. It is shown for sodium dimers that the process of on- or near-resonance stimulated Raman scattering with only partially overlapping laser beams is, in particular, useful for the selective population of high vibrational levels of particles in a molecular beam. This is achieved when the interaction with the Stokes laser, coupling levels 2 and 3, begins earlier than the interaction with the pump laser. The phenomenon, which is closely related to the formation of ‘‘trapped states,’’ is quantitatively explained using the basis of eigenstates of molecules strongly coupled to the radiation fields. The similarity and difference to related techniques such as rapid adiabatic passage phenomena in two-level systems, off-resonant stimulated Raman scattering, or stimulated emission pumping is briefly discussed.

The Journal of Chemical PhysicsMay 1, 1990806 citations

Coherent population transfer in multilevel systems with magnetic sublevels. III. Experimental results

J. Martin, Bruce W. Shore, Klaas Bergmann

The technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has become an established procedure for producing complete population inversion in atoms or molecules via application of Stokes and pump pulses in a counterintuitive sequence. Previously we reported on numerical and analytical investigations showing some of the additional and important phenomena that arise when some of the levels involved have nonzero angular momentum, the field polarization directions have no simplifying symmetries, and Zeeman splitting lifts the magnetic sublevel degeneracy. Here we verify our theoretical findings using the metastable neon system: $^{3}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{0}$ ${\mathrm{?}}^{3}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ ${\mathrm{?}}^{3}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{2}$ with the corresponding angular momentum sequence J=0?J=1?J=2. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to transfer all population from the single initial state to any single selectable final magnetic sublevel M. Selectivity can be achieved either by choosing special laser polarization angles or, for fixed polarizations, by tuning the two lasers into two-photon resonance between the initial and desired final state. The complete control of magnetic sublevel population enabled by this procedure extends the customary experimental methods for producing oriented or aligned beams of atoms. In addition, we demonstrate very clearly the previous prediction that population transfer may fail for certain sets of parameters (detunings, Rabi frequencies, and polarization angles). \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.The technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has become an established procedure for producing complete population inversion in atoms or molecules via application of Stokes and pump pulses in a counterintuitive sequence. Previously we reported on numerical and analytical investigations showing some of the additional and important phenomena that arise when some of the levels involved have nonzero angular momentum, the field polarization directions have no simplifying symmetries, and Zeeman splitting lifts the magnetic sublevel degeneracy. Here we verify our theoretical findings using the metastable neon system: $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$${\mathrm{?}}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$${\mathrm{?}}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{2}$ with the corresponding angular momentum sequence J=0?J=1?J=2. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to transfer all population from the single initial state to any single selectable final magnetic sublevel M. Selectivity can be achieved either by choosing special laser polarization angles or, for fixed polarizations, by tuning the two lasers into two-photon resonance between the initial and desired final state. The complete control of magnetic sublevel population enabled by this procedure extends the customary experimental methods for producing oriented or aligned beams of atoms. In addition, we demonstrate very clearly the previous prediction that population transfer may fail for certain sets of parameters (detunings, Rabi frequencies, and polarization angles). \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review AAug 1, 1996108 citations

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Physical Review AOct 1, 1991254 citations

Stimulated hyper-Raman adiabatic passage. III. Experiment

K. Böhmer, Thomas Halfmann, Леонід Петрович Яценко +2 more

We report the experimental realization of coherent population transfer from the $2{}^{3}S$ state to $2{}^{3}P$ fine-structure levels of helium, using the technique of hyper-Raman adiabatic passage, in which the pump-laser coupling involves a two-photon transition. We discuss the dependence of population transfer upon pump and Stokes detunings, and show that by suitably setting the detunings one can transfer population efficiently as either a two-step process to final states or as a single-step two-photon transition to an intermediate state. We use an adiabatic-state picture to interpret these experimental results. Since the optimum detuning depends on the pump laser intensity the transfer efficiency is compromised by the variation of the intensity across the spatial profile of the laser beam. Our experimental data agree well with numerical simulation based on density-matrix equations, including all 15 magnetic sublevels.We report the experimental realization of coherent population transfer from the $2{}^{3}S$ state to $2{}^{3}P$ fine-structure levels of helium, using the technique of hyper-Raman adiabatic passage, in which the pump-laser coupling involves a two-photon transition. We discuss the dependence of population transfer upon pump and Stokes detunings, and show that by suitably setting the detunings one can transfer population efficiently as either a two-step process to final states or as a single-step two-photon transition to an intermediate state. We use an adiabatic-state picture to interpret these experimental results. Since the optimum detuning depends on the pump laser intensity the transfer efficiency is compromised by the variation of the intensity across the spatial profile of the laser beam. Our experimental data agree well with numerical simulation based on density-matrix equations, including all 15 magnetic sublevels.

Physical Review AJul 2, 200120 citations

{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}

polarized laser beams, tuned to the hyperfine transition F=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F'=4 of the cesium

{\mathit{D}}_{2}

line. An efficiency of more than 50% is observed for the

{\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{F}}

=+4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}

{\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{F}}

In this paper, we investigate the coherent control over a complex multilevel atomic system using the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Based on the example of

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

atoms, excited with circularly polarized light at the

{D}_{1}

line, we demonstrate the ability to decompose the system into three- and four-level subsystems independently interacting with light beams. Focusing on the four-level system, we demonstrate that the presence of an additional excited state significantly affects the dynamics of the system evolution. Specifically, it is shown that, through the appropriate tuning of the light beams, some of the transfer channels can be blocked, which leads to better control over the system. We also demonstrate that this effect is most significant in media free from inhomogeneous broadening (e.g., Doppler effect) and deteriorates if such broadening is present. For instance, the motion of atoms affects both the efficiency and selectivity of the transfer.

^{3}

{\mathit{P}}_{0}

{\mathrm{?}}^{3}

{\mathit{P}}_{1}

{\mathrm{?}}^{3}

{\mathit{P}}_{2}

with the corresponding angular momentum sequence J=0?J=1?J=2. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to transfer all population from the single initial state to any single selectable final magnetic sublevel M. Selectivity can be achieved either by choosing special laser polarization angles or, for fixed polarizations, by tuning the two lasers into two-photon resonance between the initial and desired final state. The complete control of magnetic sublevel population enabled by this procedure extends the customary experimental methods for producing oriented or aligned beams of atoms. In addition, we demonstrate very clearly the previous prediction that population transfer may fail for certain sets of parameters (detunings, Rabi frequencies, and polarization angles). \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

We report the experimental realization of coherent population transfer from the

2{}^{3}S

state to

2{}^{3}P

fine-structure levels of helium, using the technique of hyper-Raman adiabatic passage, in which the pump-laser coupling involves a two-photon transition. We discuss the dependence of population transfer upon pump and Stokes detunings, and show that by suitably setting the detunings one can transfer population efficiently as either a two-step process to final states or as a single-step two-photon transition to an intermediate state. We use an adiabatic-state picture to interpret these experimental results. Since the optimum detuning depends on the pump laser intensity the transfer efficiency is compromised by the variation of the intensity across the spatial profile of the laser beam. Our experimental data agree well with numerical simulation based on density-matrix equations, including all 15 magnetic sublevels.