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arXiv:2203.00443 · Optics Continuum

Quantum correlation measurement of laser power noise below shot noise

Jasper R. Venneberg, B. Willke

Published Mar 28, 2022• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this article, the quantum correlation measurement technique as a method of power noise monitoring is investigated. Its principal idea of correlating two photodetector signals is introduced and contrasted to the conventional approach, which uses only a single photodetector. We discuss how this scheme can be used to obtain power noise information below the shot noise of the detected beam and also below the electronic dark noise of the individual photodetectors, both of which is not possible with the conventional approach. Furthermore, experimental results are presented, that demonstrate a detection of technical laser power noise one order of magnitude below the shot noise of the detected beam.

DOI
10.1364/optcon.450479

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Письма в журнал технической физики•Jan 1, 2022•0 citations
In this article, the quantum correlation measurement technique as a method of power noise monitoring is investigated. Its principal idea of correlating two photodetector signals is introduced and contrasted to the conventional approach, which uses only a single photodetector. We discuss how this scheme can be used to obtain power noise information below the shot noise of the detected beam and also below the electronic dark noise of the individual photodetectors, both of which is not possible with the conventional approach. Furthermore, experimental results are presented, that demonstrate a detection of technical laser power noise one order of magnitude below the shot noise of the detected beam.
The optical shot-noise limit of a laser beam represents the classical limit in precision and signal to noise ratio achievable in optical sensors and imaging systems. It is known that quantum states of light, such as squeezed light and quantum correlated twin beams can be used to enhance precision and signal to noise ratio to beyond this limit. This promises optical sensors with fundamentally superior performance to the state of the art. While quantum-enhanced signal to noise ratio has been demonstrated with macroscopic powers of squeezed probe beam, demonstrations of quantum enhanced precision have remained at extremely low powers of light (femto-Watts). Here we will give examples where increasing SNR with quantum light is not sufficient to increase precision and we will review proof of principle experiments that have demonstrated sub shot noise precision, including for absorption spectroscopy and imaging. We will also report our efforts to achieve this sub-shot-noise precision performance for transmission measurement with ~0.1mW of average probe power, equating to ~10W peak power in a pulsed experiment. Time permitting, we will discuss how integrated optics and integrated electronics enables 10s GHz bandwidth in the detection of squeezed light, for integrated quantum sensor technology.
The quantised nature of the electromagnetic field sets the classical limit to the sensitivity of position measurements. However, techniques based on the properties of quantum states can be exploited to accurately measure the relative displacement of a physical object beyond this classical limit. In this work, we use a simple scheme based on the split-detection of quantum correlations to measure the position of a shadow at the single-photon light level, with a precision that exceeds the shot-noise limit. This result is obtained by analysing the correlated signals of bi-photon pairs, created in parametric downconversion and detected by an electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD) camera employed as a split-detector. By comparing the measured statistics of spatially anticorrelated and uncorrelated photons we were able to observe a significant noise reduction corresponding to an improvement in position sensitivity of up to 17% (0.8dB). Our straightforward approach to sub-shot-noise position measurement is compatible with conventional shadow-sensing techniques based on the split-detection of light-fields, and yields an improvement that scales favourably with the detector's quantum efficiency.
High levels of laser power stability are necessary for high precision metrology applications. The classical limit for the achievable power stability is determined by the shot noise of the light used to generate a power control signal. Increasing the power of the detected light reduces the relative shot noise level and allows higher stabilities. However, sufficiently high power is not always available and the detection of high laser powers is challenging. Here, we demonstrate a nonclassical way to improve the achievable power stability without increasing the detected power. By the injection of a squeezed vacuum field of light we improve the classical laser power stability beyond its shot noise limit by 9.4_{-0.6}^{+0.6} dB at Fourier frequencies between 5 and 80 kHz. For only 90.6 μA of detected photocurrent we achieve a relative laser power noise of 2.0_{-0.1}^{+0.1}×10^{-8}/sqrt[Hz]. This is the first demonstration of a squeezed light-enhanced laser power stabilization and its performance is equivalent to an almost tenfold increase of detected laser power in a classical scheme. The analysis reveals that the technique presented here has the potential to achieve stability levels of 4.2×10^{-10}/sqrt[Hz] with 58 mA photocurrent measured on a single photodetector.
Profound advancements in quantum optics create necessity to analyze and detect correlated photon pairs.Technologies so far developed to support quantum optics are done mainly to offer new possibilities towards experimental tests dealing with basic principles of quantum mechanics.Dynamic range amplifier is designed for detection of shot noise current obtained due to squeezing or entanglement in laser.The amplification of the Ac current (shot noise current) and DC current is done using this enhanced amplifier with the available input power.The performance of the system is notable from the significant increase in amplifier gain over a wide range of frequency.Therefore this design is tested for various input powers and it is concluded that it plays a very important role for a wide variety of applications, especially in weak signal detection.
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy. E-mail:i.ruoberchera@inrim.it Quantum correlations of twin beams represent a resource of great importance for the developments of quantum technologies allowing unprecedented results in quantum information, metrology and quantum imaging. Focusing on the measurement of the photon numbers, spatial multimode correlations beyond the shot noise limit have been experimentally demonstrated by using parametric down conversion (PDC) and CCD camera (both at the single photon level and at higher photon flux) [1], and also with other interesting techniques [2]. One of their natural application is the quantum imaging of weak absorbing objects, showed in Fig.1, with sensitivity beyond the shot-noise-level [3]. The idea consists in measuring the intensity pattern on one branch of PDC, where the object has been inserted, and then subtracting the correlated noise pattern measured in the other branch that does not interact with the object. In our presentation we overview the sub-shot noise imaging protocol mentioned above and other applications where the spatial quantum correlation can give some advantages over the classical ones. As an example, we studied the signalto-noise ratio (SNR) of ghost imaging protocols with quantum and classical light [4]. We realized a ghost imaging experiment in the mesoscopic regime (one thousand of photon per pixel per shot), obtaining substantial quantum enhanced performances (see Fig.1). We also demonstrated that spatial quantum correlations provide the possibility for the absolute calibration of analog and/or photon number resolving detectors, providing the first absolute calibration (without any comparison with reference standards, neither optical source nor detector) of a scientific CCD camera [5]. In this first realization we already reached interesting uncertainty level. All these findings indicate that the control and detection of quantum spatial correlation is a rather mature field and other application to different sensing scenarios can be envisaged.
A broadband quantum noise source based on detection of shot noise of a balanced photodetector is demonstrated. Precise electro-optical tuning of the balanced photodetector circuit was carried out by an integrated optical beam splitter constructed in the form of the dual output Mach-Zehnder interferometer on a lithium niobate substrate. The classical component of the detected noise related to the relative intensity noise of a laser diode was suppressed by more than 15 dB. At the maximum laser power of 100 mW, the power spectral density of detected shot noise was 12 dB higher than the level of technical noise of the measuring system in the frequency band above 3 GHz. Keywords: quantum random number generator, vacuum fluctuations, shot noise measurements, integrated optics, lithium niobate