Abstract Quantum communication is an integral part of quantum computing, where teleportation of a quantum state has gained significant attention from researchers. Many teleportation schemes have been introduced in the recent past. In this study, the authors compare the teleportation of a single‐qubit message among different entangled channels such as the two‐qubit Bell channel, three‐qubit GHZ channel, two/three‐qubit cluster states, a highly entangled five‐qubit state (Brown et al.) and the six‐qubit state (Borras et al.). The authors calculate and compare the quantum costs for these channels. The authors also study the effects of six noise models: bit‐flip noise, phase‐flip noise, bit‐phase‐flip noise, amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising error. These noise models may affect the communication channel used for teleportation. An investigation of the variation of the initial state's fidelity is performed for the teleported state in the presence of the noise model. It is observed that the fidelity decreases in all the entangled channels as the noise parameter η increases in the range [0, 0.5] for all the noise models. The fidelity shows an upward trend in the Bell, GHZ and three‐qubit cluster state channels, as η varies in the range [0.5, 1.0] for all the noise models. However, in the rest of the three channels, the fidelity substantially decreases in the case of amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising noise, and even it reaches zero for η = 1 in Brown et al. and Borras et al. channels.
Abstract Quantum communication is an integral part of quantum computing, where teleportation of a quantum state has gained significant attention from researchers. Many teleportation schemes have been introduced in the recent past. In this study, the authors compare the teleportation of a single‐qubit message among different entangled channels such as the two‐qubit Bell channel, three‐qubit GHZ channel, two/three‐qubit cluster states, a highly entangled five‐qubit state (Brown et al.) and the six‐qubit state (Borras et al.). The authors calculate and compare the quantum costs for these channels. The authors also study the effects of six noise models: bit‐flip noise, phase‐flip noise, bit‐phase‐flip noise, amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising error. These noise models may affect the communication channel used for teleportation. An investigation of the variation of the initial state's fidelity is performed for the teleported state in the presence of the noise model. It is observed that the fidelity decreases in all the entangled channels as the noise parameter η increases in the range [0, 0.5] for all the noise models. The fidelity shows an upward trend in the Bell, GHZ and three‐qubit cluster state channels, as η varies in the range [0.5, 1.0] for all the noise models. However, in the rest of the three channels, the fidelity substantially decreases in the case of amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising noise, and even it reaches zero for η = 1 in Brown et al. and Borras et al. channels.
Abstract This study investigates the effect of noise on two-qubit quantum teleportation through a four-qubit entangled channel theoretically. Therefore, in this study a comparison of two states of teleportation through ideal and noisy channel was carried out. The noisy channel can have the effect of bit-flip channel and phase-flip channel. From these two effects, it is found that the channel transforms in-to a mixed state. If the noise is neglected, the channel is pure state. Then, this channel is measured and fidelity is calculated. The fidelity of an ideal environment is 1. This indicates that the teleportation was successfully sent and at the same time confirms the teleportation behavior under ideal conditions. In noisy environments, fidelity can be less than 1. Two factors in noisy environment that affect fidelity are noise factor (p) and the orginal parameter states (transmission coefficients). In this calculation, for the bit flip noise, we observed that as the values of the coefficient values of transmitted state increase, the fidelity value increases. Meanwhile, for the phase flip noise, we observed that as the values of the coefficient values of transmitted state increase, the fidelity value decreases.
Abstract We propose a new protocol for quantum teleportation (QT) which adopts the Brown state as the quantum channel. This work focuses on the teleportation of a single unknown two-qubit state via a Brown state channel in an ideal environment. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme, we conduct experiments by using the quantum circuit simulator Quirk. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of four noisy channels, namely, the phase damping noise, the bit-flip noise, the amplitude damping noise, and the phase-flip noise. Notably, we employ Monte Carlo simulation to elucidate the fidelity density under various noise parameters. Our analysis demonstrates that the fidelity of the protocol in a noisy environment is influenced significantly by the amplitude of the initial state and the noise factor.
The present paper investigates whether teleportation provides a higher quality of state transfer than direct transmission through the same noisy channel. We consider bit-flip, phase-flip, amplitude-damping, phase-damping, and depolarizing noises for the transfer of Bell-like and GHZ-like states, under both distance-dependent and time-dependent noise models. Our results show that the relative advantage of teleportation depends strongly on the noise channel and noise model. For the Bell-like state, teleportation remains superior throughout the distance-dependent model for BF, AD, and PD noise, whereas PF and DP exhibit limited regions favoring direct transmission. For the GHZ-like state, teleportation remains superior throughout for PD and DP noise, while BF, PF, and AD show parameter-dependent behavior. The time-dependent model further modifies these trends due to the additional decoherence associated with the waiting time for classical communication. We also compare the teleportation fidelities with the classical measure-and-prepare benchmark 2/3, revealing channel-dependent regions in which the classical limit is surpassed. These findings highlight the role of noise structure and communication time in determining the conditions under which teleportation provides an advantage over direct transmission.
In the actual quantum communication process, there will inevitably be noise in the quantum channel. In this chapter, we consider teleportation protocols in noisy environment. There are different types of noises, which are amplitude-damping, bit-flip, phase-flip, phase-damping, depolarizing noise, etc. Throughout this chapter, four types of noises are considered, namely amplitude-damping, bit-flip, phase-flip, phase-damping, under which teleportation without and with control are presented. The analysis of fidelity of the process against the variation of noise parameters are also discussed. Teleportation through noisy environment have been discussed in a good number of papers like [ 43 , 57 , 60 , 63 , 69 , 79 , 92 , 96 , 114 , 178 , 198 , 204 ].
Quantum teleportation has evolved from single-qubit, unidirectional communication to multi-qubit and multidirectional protocols. However, most existing schemes rely on protocol-specific entangled resources, motivating the development of universal quantum channels capable of supporting multiple communication tasks simultaneously. In this work, we demonstrate that a single twelve-qubit entangled channel exhibits such versatility by enabling the bidirectional teleportation of arbitrary three-qubit states and the cyclic teleportation of arbitrary two-qubit states through local Bell-state measurements and single-qubit operations. Both protocols are further generalized to multi-qubit and multi-party configurations, establishing the scalability of the proposed framework. To assess its practical applicability, the protocols are analyzed under amplitude-damping, phase-damping, bit-flip, phase-flip, and depolarizing noise channels by plotting the teleportation fidelity as a function of both the input-state parameters and noise strength. The analysis reveals distinct noise sensitivities, with the bidirectional protocol remaining perfectly faithful under bit-flip noise for all input states and noise strengths, while the cyclic protocol is consistently more vulnerable to environmental disturbances. The proposed schemes achieve an intrinsic efficiency of 25%, which is compared with several existing protocols. The framework therefore provides a scalable and resource-efficient approach to unified quantum communication in realistic noisy quantum networks.
Noise is a major challenge in quantum computing, affecting the reliability of quantum protocols. In this work, we analytically study the impact of various noise processes, such as depolarization, bit flip, and phase flip, on the quantum state teleportation protocol. Each noise process is modeled as a quantum channel and is applied individually to all qubits after the corresponding unitary operations to simulate realistic conditions. We evaluate the fidelity between the ideal and noisy teleported states to quantify the effect of noise. Our analysis shows that the fidelity decreases polynomially, in general, as the noise strength increases for all noise types, highlighting the sensitivity of state teleportation to different noise mechanisms. However, in the low noise regime, the fidelity decreases only linearly, indicating the robustness of the teleportation protocol. These results provide insight into error characterization and can inform strategies for noise mitigation in practical quantum computing applications.