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Modern Physics Letters A

On the Quantum Teleportation Superiority for the Bell-like and GHZ-like State Transmission in Noisy Environments

Plaban Saha, Muhammad Taufiqi, Binayak Samadder Choudhury

Published Oct 8, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The present paper investigates whether teleportation provides a higher quality of state transfer than direct transmission through the same noisy channel. We consider bit-flip, phase-flip, amplitude-damping, phase-damping, and depolarizing noises for the transfer of Bell-like and GHZ-like states, under both distance-dependent and time-dependent noise models. Our results show that the relative advantage of teleportation depends strongly on the noise channel and noise model. For the Bell-like state, teleportation remains superior throughout the distance-dependent model for BF, AD, and PD noise, whereas PF and DP exhibit limited regions favoring direct transmission. For the GHZ-like state, teleportation remains superior throughout for PD and DP noise, while BF, PF, and AD show parameter-dependent behavior. The time-dependent model further modifies these trends due to the additional decoherence associated with the waiting time for classical communication. We also compare the teleportation fidelities with the classical measure-and-prepare benchmark 2/3, revealing channel-dependent regions in which the classical limit is surpassed. These findings highlight the role of noise structure and communication time in determining the conditions under which teleportation provides an advantage over direct transmission.

DOI
10.1142/s021773232650269x

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The present paper investigates whether teleportation provides a higher quality of state transfer than direct transmission through the same noisy channel. We consider bit-flip, phase-flip, amplitude-damping, phase-damping, and depolarizing noises for the transfer of Bell-like and GHZ-like states, under both distance-dependent and time-dependent noise models. Our results show that the relative advantage of teleportation depends strongly on the noise channel and noise model. For the Bell-like state, teleportation remains superior throughout the distance-dependent model for BF, AD, and PD noise, whereas PF and DP exhibit limited regions favoring direct transmission. For the GHZ-like state, teleportation remains superior throughout for PD and DP noise, while BF, PF, and AD show parameter-dependent behavior. The time-dependent model further modifies these trends due to the additional decoherence associated with the waiting time for classical communication. We also compare the teleportation fidelities with the classical measure-and-prepare benchmark 2/3, revealing channel-dependent regions in which the classical limit is surpassed. These findings highlight the role of noise structure and communication time in determining the conditions under which teleportation provides an advantage over direct transmission.
Abstract Quantum communication is an integral part of quantum computing, where teleportation of a quantum state has gained significant attention from researchers. Many teleportation schemes have been introduced in the recent past. In this study, the authors compare the teleportation of a single‐qubit message among different entangled channels such as the two‐qubit Bell channel, three‐qubit GHZ channel, two/three‐qubit cluster states, a highly entangled five‐qubit state (Brown et al.) and the six‐qubit state (Borras et al.). The authors calculate and compare the quantum costs for these channels. The authors also study the effects of six noise models: bit‐flip noise, phase‐flip noise, bit‐phase‐flip noise, amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising error. These noise models may affect the communication channel used for teleportation. An investigation of the variation of the initial state's fidelity is performed for the teleported state in the presence of the noise model. It is observed that the fidelity decreases in all the entangled channels as the noise parameter η increases in the range [0, 0.5] for all the noise models. The fidelity shows an upward trend in the Bell, GHZ and three‐qubit cluster state channels, as η varies in the range [0.5, 1.0] for all the noise models. However, in the rest of the three channels, the fidelity substantially decreases in the case of amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising noise, and even it reaches zero for η = 1 in Brown et al. and Borras et al. channels.
In the actual quantum communication process, there will inevitably be noise in the quantum channel. In this chapter, we consider teleportation protocols in noisy environment. There are different types of noises, which are amplitude-damping, bit-flip, phase-flip, phase-damping, depolarizing noise, etc. Throughout this chapter, four types of noises are considered, namely amplitude-damping, bit-flip, phase-flip, phase-damping, under which teleportation without and with control are presented. The analysis of fidelity of the process against the variation of noise parameters are also discussed. Teleportation through noisy environment have been discussed in a good number of papers like [ 43 , 57 , 60 , 63 , 69 , 79 , 92 , 96 , 114 , 178 , 198 , 204 ].
Quantum teleportation plays a significant role in the field of quantum communication. This paper investigates quantum teleportation through a noisy environment by using GHZ state and non-standard W state as quantum channels. We analyze the efficiency of quantum teleportation by solving analytically a master equation in Lindblad form. Following the quantum teleportation protocol, we obtain the fidelity of quantum teleportation as a function of evolution time. The calculation results show that the teleportation fidelity using non-standard W is higher in comparison to GHZ state at the same evolution time. Moreover, we consider the efficiency of teleportation with weak measurements and reverse quantum measurement under amplitude damping noise. Our analysis suggests that the teleportation fidelity using non-standard W is also more robust to noise than GHZ state in the same conditions. Interestingly, we found that weak measurement and its reverse operation have no positive effect on the efficiency of quantum teleportation by using GHZ and non-standard W state in the amplitude damping noise environment. In addition, we also demonstrate the efficiency of quantum teleportation can be improved by making minor modifications to the protocol.
In quantum information theory, effects of quantum noise on teleportation are undeniable. Hence,we investigate the effect of noisy channels including amplitude damping, phase damping, depolarizing and phase ip on the teleported state between Alice and Bob where they share an entangled state by using atom-eld interaction state. We analyze the delity and quantum correlations as a function of decoherence rates and time scale of a state to be teleported. We observe that the average delityand quantum correlations accurately depend on types of noise acting on quantum channels. It is found that atom-eld interaction states are affected by amplitude damping channel are more useful for teleportation than when the shared qubites are affected by noisy channels such as AD channel and phase ip. We also observe that if the quantum channels is subject to phase ip noise, the average delity reproduces initial quantum correlations to possible values. On the other hand,not only all the noisy quantum channels do not always destroy average delity but also they can yield the highest delity in noisy conditions. In the current demonstration, our results provide that the average delity can have larger than 2/3 in front of the noise of named other channels with increasing decoherenc strength. Success in quantum states transfer in the present noise establishes the important of studing noisy channels.
Quantum teleportation, entanglement, LQU and LQFI in e+e−→YYˉe^{+}e^{-} \to \text{Y}\bar{\text{Y}}e+e−→YYˉ processes at BESIII through noisy channels
Quantum teleportation, a protocol that has received extensive and intensive attention in quantum information processing, allows a quantum state to be transferred from one particle to another. In this study, we analytically investigate fidelity (FFF), logarithmic negativity (LN), local quantum uncertainty (LQU) and local quantum Fisher information (LQFI) as a discord-like measure of quantum correlations in e+e−→YYˉe^{+}e^{-} \to \text{Y}\bar{\text{Y}}e+e−→YYˉ processes at BESIII through noisy channels, using experimental feasible parameters, where Y\text{Y}Y and Yˉ\bar{\text{Y}}Yˉ refer to the spin-1/21/21/2 hyperon and its antihyperon, respectively. Without a dephasing effect, we show that, LN, LQU, and LQFI vanish at φ=±πφ=\pmπφ=±π and are symmetric around φ=π/2φ=π/2φ=π/2. We also explore the LN, LQU, and LQFI for different YYˉ\text{Y}\bar{\text{Y}}YYˉ pairs subjected to three distinct types of decoherence channels. Specifically, we show that amplitude damping (AD) and phase damping (PD) lead to a decrease in LN, LQU, and LQFI with an increasing decoherence parameter sss. In contrast, the phase flip (PF) channel exhibits symmetric behavior around s=1/2s=1/2s=1/2. Besides, we realize for teleportation, optimal fidelity for different hyperon-antihyperon pairs ($ Λ\barΛ$, Ξ0Ξ0ˉΞ^{0}\bar{Ξ^{0}}Ξ0Ξ0ˉ, Ξ−Ξ+ˉΞ^{-}\bar{Ξ^{+}}Ξ−Ξ+ˉ, Σ+Σ−ˉΣ^{+}\bar{Σ^{-}}Σ+Σ−ˉ). We discuss the influence of noisy channels, specifically (AD, PF and PD), on the fidelity of quantum teleportation and on quantum correlations that can exist even beyond entanglement. Furthermore, the results show that the fidelity remains above the classical limit of 2/32/32/3 in all three channels, even as the noise increases. This is a significant finding because it shows that not all quantum noise is detrimental. These results can have promising applications in quantum information and particle physics.
Quantum teleportation have a central role in quantum information science and allows transferring of an unknown quantum state through entanglement and classical communication. Unfortunately, the interaction with external and internal noise severely affects the quality of teleportation and poses limitations on practical applications of quantum communication networks. In this work, instead of conventional Bell teleportation, we introduce a Machine Learned adaptive protocol for optimizing multiple components of Quantum Teleportation in order to achieve higher fidelity in various noise environments. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme, we study three different noise models, including bit-flip, amplitude damping, and depolarizing noise, both in case of single-qubit and two-qubit channels. As a result, we observe substantial improvement in the teleportation fidelity in comparison to the classical Bell-state teleportation protocol in certain noise conditions. Furthermore, the machine-learned protocol reveals a nontrivial strategy for compensation of decoherence and information losses. In addition, obtained results indicate the flexibility and reliability of the proposed framework for implementing various adaptive quantum communications while shedding light on possibilities of discovery of optimal quantum algorithms by means of automated approache