Noise is a major challenge in quantum computing, affecting the reliability of quantum protocols. In this work, we analytically study the impact of various noise processes, such as depolarization, bit flip, and phase flip, on the quantum state teleportation protocol. Each noise process is modeled as a quantum channel and is applied individually to all qubits after the corresponding unitary operations to simulate realistic conditions. We evaluate the fidelity between the ideal and noisy teleported states to quantify the effect of noise. Our analysis shows that the fidelity decreases polynomially, in general, as the noise strength increases for all noise types, highlighting the sensitivity of state teleportation to different noise mechanisms. However, in the low noise regime, the fidelity decreases only linearly, indicating the robustness of the teleportation protocol. These results provide insight into error characterization and can inform strategies for noise mitigation in practical quantum computing applications.
Journal reference
International Journal of Quantum Information, 2650010, 2026
Noise is a major challenge in quantum computing, affecting the reliability of quantum protocols. In this work, we analytically study the impact of various noise processes, such as depolarization, bit flip, and phase flip, on the quantum state teleportation protocol. Each noise process is modeled as a quantum channel and is applied individually to all qubits after the corresponding unitary operations to simulate realistic conditions. We evaluate the fidelity between the ideal and noisy teleported states to quantify the effect of noise. Our analysis shows that the fidelity decreases polynomially, in general, as the noise strength increases for all noise types, highlighting the sensitivity of state teleportation to different noise mechanisms. However, in the low noise regime, the fidelity decreases only linearly, indicating the robustness of the teleportation protocol. These results provide insight into error characterization and can inform strategies for noise mitigation in practical quantum computing applications.
In the domain of quantum communication, quantum teleportation (QT) emerges as a pivotal protocol, enabling the transmission of quantum states across significant distances. However, the ubiquitous presence of quantum noise inevitably affects this process, causing deviations in the teleported state from its intended configuration. This study proposes an innovative approach to mitigate noise error (bit-flip and phase-flip) and within quantum channels. The method involves implementing quantum gates between communicating parties, effectively diminishing the impact of these noise types on the entangled channel and enhancing QT efficacy in noise-prone environments. Experimental results demonstrate that noisy channel has low-fidelity 16.67% in bit flip noise and 68.60% in phase flip noise. The proposed noise mitigation quantum circuit attained the 100% fidelity.
Abstract This study investigates the effect of noise on two-qubit quantum teleportation through a four-qubit entangled channel theoretically. Therefore, in this study a comparison of two states of teleportation through ideal and noisy channel was carried out. The noisy channel can have the effect of bit-flip channel and phase-flip channel. From these two effects, it is found that the channel transforms in-to a mixed state. If the noise is neglected, the channel is pure state. Then, this channel is measured and fidelity is calculated. The fidelity of an ideal environment is 1. This indicates that the teleportation was successfully sent and at the same time confirms the teleportation behavior under ideal conditions. In noisy environments, fidelity can be less than 1. Two factors in noisy environment that affect fidelity are noise factor (p) and the orginal parameter states (transmission coefficients). In this calculation, for the bit flip noise, we observed that as the values of the coefficient values of transmitted state increase, the fidelity value increases. Meanwhile, for the phase flip noise, we observed that as the values of the coefficient values of transmitted state increase, the fidelity value decreases.
In the actual quantum communication process, there will inevitably be noise in the quantum channel. In this chapter, we consider teleportation protocols in noisy environment. There are different types of noises, which are amplitude-damping, bit-flip, phase-flip, phase-damping, depolarizing noise, etc. Throughout this chapter, four types of noises are considered, namely amplitude-damping, bit-flip, phase-flip, phase-damping, under which teleportation without and with control are presented. The analysis of fidelity of the process against the variation of noise parameters are also discussed. Teleportation through noisy environment have been discussed in a good number of papers like [ 43 , 57 , 60 , 63 , 69 , 79 , 92 , 96 , 114 , 178 , 198 , 204 ].
Abstract Quantum communication is an integral part of quantum computing, where teleportation of a quantum state has gained significant attention from researchers. Many teleportation schemes have been introduced in the recent past. In this study, the authors compare the teleportation of a single‐qubit message among different entangled channels such as the two‐qubit Bell channel, three‐qubit GHZ channel, two/three‐qubit cluster states, a highly entangled five‐qubit state (Brown et al.) and the six‐qubit state (Borras et al.). The authors calculate and compare the quantum costs for these channels. The authors also study the effects of six noise models: bit‐flip noise, phase‐flip noise, bit‐phase‐flip noise, amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising error. These noise models may affect the communication channel used for teleportation. An investigation of the variation of the initial state's fidelity is performed for the teleported state in the presence of the noise model. It is observed that the fidelity decreases in all the entangled channels as the noise parameter η increases in the range [0, 0.5] for all the noise models. The fidelity shows an upward trend in the Bell, GHZ and three‐qubit cluster state channels, as η varies in the range [0.5, 1.0] for all the noise models. However, in the rest of the three channels, the fidelity substantially decreases in the case of amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising noise, and even it reaches zero for η = 1 in Brown et al. and Borras et al. channels.
Quantum teleportation is a useful communication protocol in quantum communication, which enables the transmission of quantum states over long distances. However, quantum noise inevitably affects quantum communication, resulting in the teleported state not being the ideal target state. In order to minimize the impact of quantum noise, we propose a new method to mitigate bit-flip and phase-flip noise of quantum channel in this paper. This method shares additional ancillary particles between the two parties of communication, which can effectively reduce the influence of bit-flip and phase-flip noise on the entangled channel, thereby improving the efficiency of quantum teleportation in noisy environments. We analyze the performance of the proposed method in detail through mathematical calculations. The results show that proposed scheme can resist the bit-flip and phase-flip noise with noise factor less than 0.5. When the noise factor is small, adding a small amount of auxiliary particles can greatly improve the fidelity of the output state: when the number of auxiliary particles increases to 5, the scheme can resist quantum noise with a noise factor less than or equal to 0.3, making fidelity of the output state is close to 1. When the noise factor is large, it is necessary to add more auxiliary particles to offset the influence of noise.
Abstract We propose a new protocol for quantum teleportation (QT) which adopts the Brown state as the quantum channel. This work focuses on the teleportation of a single unknown two-qubit state via a Brown state channel in an ideal environment. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme, we conduct experiments by using the quantum circuit simulator Quirk. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of four noisy channels, namely, the phase damping noise, the bit-flip noise, the amplitude damping noise, and the phase-flip noise. Notably, we employ Monte Carlo simulation to elucidate the fidelity density under various noise parameters. Our analysis demonstrates that the fidelity of the protocol in a noisy environment is influenced significantly by the amplitude of the initial state and the noise factor.