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arXiv:2107.02376 · Physical Review A

Coherent ground-state transport of neutral atoms

X. X. Li, Jia-Bin You, Xiao‐Qiang Shao, Weibin Li

Published Mar 8, 2022• 27 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum state transport is an important way to study the energy or information flow. By combining the unconventional Rydberg pumping mechanism and the diagonal form of van der Waals interactions, we construct a theoretical model via second-order perturbation theory to realize a long-range coherent transport inside the ground-state manifold of neutral atoms systems. With the adjustment of the Rabi frequencies and the interatomic distance, this model can be used to simulate various single-body physics phenomena such as a Heisenberg $XX$ spin chain restricted in the single-excitation manifold, coherently perfect quantum state transfer, the parameter-adjustable Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, and chiral motion of atomic excitation in a triangle by varying the geometrical arrangement of the three atoms, which effectively avoids the influence of atomic spontaneous emission at the same time. Moreover, the influence of atomic position fluctuation on the fidelity of quantum state transmission is discussed in detail, and the corresponding numerical results show that our work provides a robust and easily implemented scheme for quantum state transport with neutral atoms.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.105.032417

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Quantum state transport is an important way to study the energy or information flow. By combining the unconventional Rydberg pumping mechanism and the diagonal form of van der Waals interactions, we construct a theoretical model via second-order perturbation theory to realize a long-range coherent transport inside the ground-state manifold of neutral atoms systems. With the adjustment of the Rabi frequencies and the interatomic distance, this model can be used to simulate various single-body physics phenomena such as a Heisenberg XXXXXX spin chain restricted in the single-excitation manifold, coherently perfect quantum state transfer, the parameter-adjustable Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, and chiral motion of atomic excitation in a triangle by varying the geometrical arrangement of the three atoms, which effectively avoids the influence of atomic spontaneous emission at the same time. Moreover, the influence of atomic position fluctuation on the fidelity of quantum state transmission is discussed in detail, and the corresponding numerical results show that our work provides a robust and easily implemented scheme for quantum state transport with neutral atoms.
Abstract To transport high-quality quantum state between two distant qubits through one-dimensional spin chains, the perfect state transfer (PST) method serves as the first choice, due to its natively perfect transfer fidelity that is independent of the system dimension. However, the PST requires a precise modulation of the local pulse parameters as well as an accurate timing of dynamic evolution, and is thus very sensitive to variations in practice. Here, we propose a protocol for achieving quantum-preserved transport of excitations using an array of Rydberg-dressed atoms, enabled by optimal control of minimally global parameters. By treating the weak coupling of two marginal array atoms as a perturbation, an effective spin-exchange model with highly tunable interactions between the external weak and the inner strong driving atoms can be established, which allows for coherent excitation transfer even with large atomic position fluctuation. We furthermore show that the existence of long-time excitation propagation unattainable for systems under antiblockade facilitation conditions. Our results highlight an easily-implemented scheme for studying the dynamics of spin systems using Rydberg atoms and may guide the avenue to the engineering of complex many-body dynamics.
The resonant dipole-dipole interaction between highly excited Rydberg levels dominates the interaction of neutral atoms at short distances scaling as 1/r31/{r}^{3}1/r3. Here we take advantage of the combined effects of strong dipole-dipole interaction and multifrequency driving fields to propose one type of selective Rydberg pumping mechanism. In the computational basis of two atoms ${|00\ensuremath{\rangle},|01\ensuremath{\rangle},|10\ensuremath{\rangle},|11\ensuremath{\rangle}}$, this mechanism allows $|11\ensuremath{\rangle}$ to be resonantly pumped upwards to the single-excited Rydberg states while the transitions of the other three states are suppressed. From the perspective of mathematical form, we achieve an analogous F\"orster resonance for ground states of neutral atoms. The performance of this selective Rydberg pumping is evaluated using the definition of fidelity for a controlled-ZZZ gate, which manifests a characteristic robustness to the deviation of interatomic distance, fluctuation of F\"orster resonance defect, and spontaneous emission of double-excited Rydberg states. As applications of this mechanism, we discuss in detail the preparation of the maximally entangled symmetric state for two atoms via ground-state blockade, and the maximally entangled antisymmetric state via engineered spontaneous emission, within the state-of-the-art experiments, respectively.
We show how to create long-range interactions between alkali atoms in different hyperfine ground states, with the goal of coherent quantum transport. The scheme uses off-resonant dressing with atomic Rydberg states. We demonstrate coherent migration of electronic excitation through dressed dipole–dipole interaction by full solutions of models with four essential states per atom and give the structure of the spectrum of dressed states for a dimer. In addition, we present an effective (perturbative) Hamiltonian for the ground-state manifold and show that it correctly describes the full multi-state dynamics. We discuss excitation transport in detail for a chain of five atoms. In the presented scheme, the actual population in the Rydberg state is kept small. Dressing offers many advantages over the direct use of Rydberg levels: it reduces ionization probabilities and provides an additional tuning parameter for lifetimes and interaction strengths.
Laser-induced gauge fields in neutral atoms serve as a means of mimicking the effects of a magnetic field, providing researchers with a platform to explore behaviors analogous to those observed in condensed matter systems under real magnetic fields. Here, we propose a method to generate chiral motion in atomic excitations within the neutral atomic ground-state manifolds. This is achieved through the application of polychromatic driving fields coupled to the ground–Rydberg transition, along with unconventional Rydberg pumping. The scheme offers the advantage of arbitrary adjustment of the effective magnetic flux by setting the relative phases between different external laser fields. In addition, the effective interaction strength between the atomic ground states can be maintained at 10 kHz, surpassing the capabilities of the previous approach utilizing Floquet modulation. Notably, the proposed method can be readily extended to implement a hexagonal neutral atom lattice, serving as the fundamental unit in realizing the Haldane model.
Competing short- and long-range interactions represent distinguished ingredients for the formation of complex quantum many-body phases. Their study is hard to realize with conventional quantum simulators. In this regard, Rydberg atoms provide an exception as their excited manifold of states have both density-density and exchange interactions whose strength and range can vary considerably. Focusing on one-dimensional systems, we leverage the Van der Waals and dipole-dipole interactions of the Rydberg atoms to obtain the zero-temperature phase diagram for a uniform chain and a dimer model. For the uniform chain, we can influence the boundaries between ordered phases and a Luttinger liquid phase. For the dimerized case, a new type of bond-order-density-wave phase is identified. This demonstrates the versatility of the Rydberg platform in studying physics involving short- and long-ranged interactions simultaneously.
We present a scheme for engineering quantum transport dynamics of spin excitations in a chain of laser-dressed Rydberg atoms, mediated by synthetic spin exchange arising from diagonal van der Waals interaction. The dynamic tunability and long-range interaction feature of our scheme allows for the exploration of transport physics unattainable in conventional spin systems. As two concrete examples, we first demonstrate a topological exciton pumping protocol that facilitates quantized entanglement transfer, and second we discuss a highly nonlocal correlated transport phenomenon which persists even in the presence of dephasing. Unlike previous schemes, our proposal requires neither resonant dipole-dipole interaction nor off-diagonal van der Waals interaction. It can be readily implemented in existing experimental systems.