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arXiv:2107.01565 · Results in Physics

Dynamics of kicked spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Qingbo Wang, Wenjing Zhao, Linghua Wen

Published May 11, 2021• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the dynamics of kicked pseudo-spin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in a tightly confined toroidal trap. The system exhibits different dynamical behaviors depending on the competition among SOC, kick strength, kick period and interatomic interaction. For weak kick strength, with the increase of SOC the density profiles of two components evolve from overlapped symmetric distributions into staggered antisymmetric distributions, and the evolution of energy experiences a transition from quasiperiodic motion to modulated quantum beating. For large kick strength, when the SOC strength increases, the overlapped symmetric density distributions become staggered irregular patterns, and the energy evolution undergoes a transition from quasiperiodic motion to dynamical localization. Furthermore, in the case of weak SOC, the increase of kick period leads to a transition of the system from quantum beating to Rabi oscillation, while for the case of strong SOC the system demonstrates complex quasiperiodic motion.

DOI
10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104317

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We investigate the dynamics of kicked pseudo-spin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in a tightly confined toroidal trap. The system exhibits different dynamical behaviors depending on the competition among SOC, kick strength, kick period and interatomic interaction. For weak kick strength, with the increase of SOC the density profiles of two components evolve from overlapped symmetric distributions into staggered antisymmetric distributions, and the evolution of energy experiences a transition from quasiperiodic motion to modulated quantum beating. For large kick strength, when the SOC strength increases, the overlapped symmetric density distributions become staggered irregular patterns, and the energy evolution undergoes a transition from quasiperiodic motion to dynamical localization. Furthermore, in the case of weak SOC, the increase of kick period leads to a transition of the system from quantum beating to Rabi oscillation, while for the case of strong SOC the system demonstrates complex quasiperiodic motion.
We study the collective dynamics of the spin-orbit coupled two pseudospin components of a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a quasi-one-dimensional harmonic potential, by using variational and directly numerical approach of binary mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equations. The results show that, because of strong coupling of spin-orbit coupling (SOC), Rabi coupling, and atomic interaction, the collective dynamics of the system behave as complex characters. When the Rabi coupling is absent, the density profiles of the system preserve the Gauss type and the wave packets do harmonic oscillations. The amplitude of the collective oscillations increases with SOC. Furthermore, when the SOC strength increases, the dipole oscillations of the two pseudospin components undergo a transition from in-phase to out-of-phase oscillations. When the Rabi coupling present, there will exist a critical value of SOC strength (which depends on the Rabi coupling and atomic interaction). If the SOC strength is less than this critical value, the density profiles of the system can preserve the Gauss type and the wave packets do anharmonic (the frequency of dipole oscillations depends on SOC) oscillations synchronously (i.e., in-phase oscillations). However, if the SOC strength is larger than this critical value, the wave packets are dynamically fragmented and the stable dipole oscillations of the system can not exist. The collective dynamics of the system can be controlled by adjusting the atomic interaction, SOC, and Rabi-coupling strength.
In this paper, we study the spin dynamics of spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) spin-2 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with dipole–dipole interaction (DDI). Numerical results are obtained by solving the nonlocal Gross–Pitaevskii equation. Our discussions are divided into two parts. In the absence of DDI, the spin dynamics presents periodic oscillation. Increasing the magnetization makes the amplitude increase, and increasing SOC strength accelerates the spin dynamics and thus changes the period. Nevertheless, in the presence of DDI, the periodicity oscillation of spin dynamics is broken. The thermalization time decreases with the increase of magnetization for fixed SOC strength. In addition, the thermalization time becomes zero with strong SOC strength when magnetization is fixed. We also show the formation of domain in density profile when DDI is considered. Moreover, the components m = 2 and m = −2 exchange their location with a little increase of SOC strength. This is a specific reflection of the competition between the SOC and DDI.
We investigate the dynamics of rotating pseudo-spin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in a quasicrystalline optical lattice (QOL). For given parameters, the system evolves from an initial heliciform-stripe phase into a final visible vortex necklace with a giant vortex and a hidden vortex necklace. Simultaneously, the corresponding spin texture undergoes a transition from a meron–antimeron pair to a half-antiskyrmion necklace. During the dynamic evolution process, the angular momentum increases gradually, and then approaches to a convergent value. Furthermore, typical quantum phases of rotating two-component BECs with SOC in different external potentials are summarized.
Abstract We consider the ground-state properties of Rashba spin–orbit-coupled pseudo-spin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in a rotating two-dimensional (2D) toroidal trap. In the absence of spin–orbit coupling (SOC), the increasing rotation frequency enhances the creation of giant vortices for the initially miscible BECs, while it can lead to the formation of semiring density patterns with irregular hidden vortex structures for the initially immiscible BECs. Without rotation, strong 2D isotropic SOC yields a heliciform-stripe phase for the initially immiscible BECs. Combined effects of rotation, SOC, and interatomic interactions on the vortex structures and typical spin textures of the ground state of the system are discussed systematically. In particular, for a fixed rotation frequency above the critical value, the increasing isotropic SOC favors a visible vortex necklace in each component which is accompanied by a hidden giant vortex plus a (several) hidden vortex necklace(s) in the central region. In the case of one-dimensional anisotropic SOC, large SOC strength results in the generation of hidden linear vortex string and the transition from initial component separation (component mixing) to component mixing (component separation). Furthermore, the peculiar spin textures including skyrmion lattice, skyrmion pair and skyrmion string are revealed in this system.
We investigate the dynamics of rotating spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in an in-plane gradient magnetic field, which is confined in an anharmonic trap. In the case of rotating spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 BECs with given parameters, the system evolves from initial disk-shaped condensates into drastic turbulent oscillations and ghost vortices on the surface of the component densities due to surface wave excitations and then into two final vortex necklaces along the azimuthal direction with an irregular density hole, in which the vortices differ by one quantum number in turn. For the case of rotating spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 BECs with in-plane gradient magnetic field, with the dynamic evolution, the system undergoes a transition from an initial central polar-core vortex to violent turbulent oscillations and then to a final vortex chain along the diagonal of BECs, with the remaining vortices symmetrically distributed on both sides in the individual component. In addition, the corresponding spin texture undergoes a transition from plane-wave phase to double half-antiskyrmion necklaces for the former case and a transition from a structure similar to a quadrupole magnetic field to a half-antiskyrmion chain with the rest of the half-antiskyrmions on both sides. During the dynamic evolution process, the angular momentum increases gradually and then approaches a convergent value.
We theoretically investigate the dynamics of modulation instability (MI) in two-dimensional spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with Rabi coupling. The analysis is performed for equal densities of pseudo-spin components. Different combination of the signs of intra- and intercomponent interaction strengths are considered, with a particular emphasis on repulsive interactions. We observe that the unstable modulation builds from originally miscible condensates, depending on the combination of the signs of the intra- and intercomponent interaction strengths. The repulsive intra- and intercomponent interactions admit instability and the MI immiscibility condition is no longer significant. The influence of interaction parameters such as spin–orbit and Rabi coupling on MI are also investigated. The spin–orbit coupling (SOC) inevitably contributes to instability regardless of the nature of the interaction. In the case of attractive interaction, SOC manifests in enhancing the MI. Thus, a comprehensive study of MI in two-dimensional spin–orbit coupled BECs of pseudo-spin components is presented.