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arXiv:2102.05338

Group Quantization of Quadratic Hamiltonians in Finance

Garcia, Santiago

Published Feb 10, 2021• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The Group Quantization formalism is a scheme for constructing a functional space that is an irreducible infinite dimensional representation of the Lie algebra belonging to a dynamical symmetry group. We apply this formalism to the construction of functional space and operators for quadratic potentials -- gaussian pricing kernels in finance. We describe the Black-Scholes theory, the Ho-Lee interest rate model and the Euclidean repulsive and attractive oscillators. The symmetry group used in this work has the structure of a principal bundle with base (dynamical) group a semi-direct extension of the Heisenberg-Weyl group by SL(2,R), and structure group (fiber) the positive real line.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2102.05338

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The Group Quantization formalism is a scheme for constructing a functional space that is an irreducible infinite dimensional representation of the Lie algebra belonging to a dynamical symmetry group. We apply this formalism to the construction of functional space and operators for quadratic potentials -- gaussian pricing kernels in finance. We describe the Black-Scholes theory, the Ho-Lee interest rate model and the Euclidean repulsive and attractive oscillators. The symmetry group used in this work has the structure of a principal bundle with base (dynamical) group a semi-direct extension of the Heisenberg-Weyl group by SL(2,R), and structure group (fiber) the positive real line.
In this paper we describe and apply integral quantization, a procedure based on operator-valued measures and the resolution of the identity.We explore its covariance properties in the context of group representation theory.Three applications based on group representations are carried out.The first one concerns the covariant integral quantization based on the spin one-half irreducible representation of SU(2).In this case we show that the quantization of both the quadratic Hopf variables and the Euler angles reproduces the SU(2) Lie algebra.The second example revisits integral quantization based on the Weyl-Heisenberg group.By completing previous results, we show the universality of the canonical commutation relation in such quantizations.In the last example we revisit and enrich the integral quantization based on the affine group of the real line and we give a short account of a relevant application.
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Using the one dimensional free particle symmetries, the quantum finance symmetries are obtained.Namely, it is shown that Black-Scholes equation is invariant under Schrödinger group.In order to do this, the one dimensional free non-relativistic particle and its symmetries are revisited.To get the Black-Scholes equation symmetries, the particle mass is identified as the inverse of square of the volatility.Furthermore, using financial variables, a Schrödinger algebra representation is constructed.
This thesis is concerned with the properties of dynamical systems with Hamiltonians which are general quadratic combinations of classical or quantum canonical variables or of Boson or Fermion annihilation and creation operators.Chapter I, consisting of six sections, deals mainly with sets of canonical forms for quadratic Hamiltonians under the action of the group of linear canonical transformations.By viewing the group of C.C.R.Bogoliubov transformations as Sp(2tf, i?) , a full set of canonical Boson Hamiltonians, labelled by the invariants for symplectic conjugacy classes, is obtained.Since the conjugacy class of a real orthogonal matrix is determined by its eigenvalues, there is only one type of canonical form for quadratic Fermion Hamiltonians.Unlike the Fermion case, indefinite Boson Hamiltonians can not in general be reduced to a sum of quasi-particle number operators.However, it is shown how spectral theory in Krein space rigorizes the full reduction of a strictly positive quadratic Boson Hamiltonian for which the single particle space is infinite dimensional.In the case of infinite degrees of freedom, there are various existence criteria for a unitary operator which implements a given Bogoliubov transformation and the equivalence of these is discussed in Section 6.Cahpter II, consisting of seven sections, applies the techniques of Chapter I to algebraic quantization.The Boson commutation relations , among formal mode operators obtained in heuristic quantization, are shown to be incompatible with the canonical commutation relations among conjugate variables unless the motion is stable.Segal quantization of any real
The conventional quantization of the harmonic oscillator in terms of operators Q and P can be implemented with the help of irreducible unitary representations of the Heisenberg-Weyl group which acts transitively and effectively on the simply connected classical phase space S q,p ≊ 2 . In the description of the harmonic oscillator in terms of angle and action variables ϕ and I the associated phase space S ϕ,I corresponds to the multiply connected punctured plane 2 – {0}, on which the 3-dimensional symplectic group Sp(2, ) acts transitively, leaving the origin invariant. As this group contains the compact subgroup U (1) it has infinitely many covering groups. In the here relevant irreducible unitary representations (positive discrete series) the self-adjoint generator K o of U (l) represents the classical action variable I . It has the possible spectra n + k, n = 0,1,...; k > 0, where k depends on the covering group. This implies different possible spectra for the action variable Hamiltonian ℏωK 0 of the harmonic oscillator. On the other hand, expressing the operators Q and P (non-linearly) in terms of the three generators K 0 etc. of Sp (2, ) leads to the usual framework. Possible physical (experimental) implications and generalizations to higher dimensions are discussed briefly.
This article presents a mathematical framework for group-theoretical formalism of quantum mechanics and discusses the geometric quantization of the classical systems associated with a Lie group. The classical-quantum correspondence is realized by identifying quantum observable algebra and its classical analogue with the set of distributions with compact supports on a Lie group and on the associated Lie algebra respectively, both having a convolution-type associative algebraic structure. The general mathematical constructs are illustrated by studying systems associated with the Heisenberg-Weyl group. It is shown that the exponential mapping from Heisenberg-Weyl algebra to the corresponding Lie group gives Weyl quantization.