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arXiv:2012.14129 · Physical Review A

Coupling two charge qubits via a superconducting resonator operating in the resonant and dispersive regimes

Chengxian Zhang, Guo Xuan Chan, Xin Wang, Zheng‐Yuan Xue

Published Sep 12, 2022• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A key challenge for semiconductor quantum-dot charge qubits is the realization of long-range qubit coupling and performing high-fidelity gates based on it. Here, we describe a different type of charge qubit formed by an electron confined in a triple-quantum-dot system, enabling single and two-qubit gates working in the dipolar and quadrupolar detuning sweet spots. We further present the form for the long-range dipolar coupling between the charge qubit and the superconducting resonator. Based on the hybrid system composed of the qubits and the resonator, we present two types of entangling gates: the dynamical iswap gate and holonomic entangling gate, which are operating in the dispersive and resonant regimes, respectively. We find that the fidelity for the iswap gate can reach a fidelity higher than 99% for the noise level typical in experiments. Meanwhile, the fidelity for the holonomic gate can surpass 98% if the anharmonicity in the resonator is large enough. Our proposal offers an alternative, useful way to build up high-fidelity quantum computation for charge qubits in the semiconductor quantum dot.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.106.032608

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Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)•Apr 24, 2020•1 citation
A key challenge for semiconductor quantum-dot charge qubits is the realization of long-range qubit coupling and performing high-fidelity gates based on it. Here, we describe a different type of charge qubit formed by an electron confined in a triple-quantum-dot system, enabling single and two-qubit gates working in the dipolar and quadrupolar detuning sweet spots. We further present the form for the long-range dipolar coupling between the charge qubit and the superconducting resonator. Based on the hybrid system composed of the qubits and the resonator, we present two types of entangling gates: the dynamical iswap gate and holonomic entangling gate, which are operating in the dispersive and resonant regimes, respectively. We find that the fidelity for the iswap gate can reach a fidelity higher than 99% for the noise level typical in experiments. Meanwhile, the fidelity for the holonomic gate can surpass 98% if the anharmonicity in the resonator is large enough. Our proposal offers an alternative, useful way to build up high-fidelity quantum computation for charge qubits in the semiconductor quantum dot.
The recent realization of a coherent interface between a single electron in a silicon quantum dot and a single photon trapped in a superconducting cavity opens the way for implementing photon-mediated two-qubit entangling gates. In order to couple a spin to the cavity electric field, some type of spin-charge hybridization is needed, which impacts spin control and coherence. In this work we propose a cavity-mediated two-qubit gate and calculate cavity-mediated entangling gate fidelities in the dispersive regime, accounting for errors due to the spin-charge hybridization, as well as photon- and phonon-induced decays. By optimizing the degree of spin-charge hybridization, we show that two-qubit gates mediated by cavity photons are capable of reaching fidelities exceeding 9090%90 in present-day device architectures. High iswap gate fidelities are achievable even in the presence of charge noise at the level of $2\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\text{eV}$.
Quantum-dot hybrid qubits exploit an extended charge-noise sweet spot that suppresses dephasing and has enabled the experimental achievement of high-fidelity single-qubit gates. However, current proposals for two-qubit gates require tuning the qubits away from their sweet spots. Here, we propose a two-hybrid-qubit coupling scheme, based on exchange interactions, that allows the qubits to remain at their sweet spots at all times. The interaction is controlled via the interqubit tunnel coupling. By simulating such gates in the presence of realistic quasistatic and 1/f1/f1/f charge noise, we show that our scheme should enable controlled-ZZZ gates of length $\ensuremath{\sim}5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$, and zero-controlled-not gates of length $\ensuremath{\sim}7\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$, both with fidelities >99.9>99.9%>99.9.
Recent experiments with silicon qubits demonstrated strong coupling of a microwave resonator to the spin of a single electron in a double quantum dot, opening up the possibility of long-range spin-spin interactions. We present our theoretical calculation of effective interactions between distant quantum dot spins coupled by a resonator, and propose a protocol for fast, high-fidelity two-qubit gates consistent with experimentally demonstrated capabilities. Our simulations show that, in the presence of noise, spin-spin entangling gates significantly outperform cavity-mediated gates on charge qubits.
Semiconductor double quantum-dot hybrid qubits are promising candidates for high-fidelity quantum computing. However, their performance is limited by charge noise, which is ubiquitous in solid-state devices, and phonon-induced dephasing. Here we explore methods for improving the quantum operations of a hybrid qubit, using strong microwave driving to enable gate operations that are much faster than decoherence processes. Using numerical simulations and a theoretical method based on a cumulant expansion, we analyze qubit dynamics in the presence of 1/f1/f1/f charge noise, which forms the dominant decoherence mechanism in many solid-state devices. We show that, while strong-driving effects and charge noise both reduce the quantum gate fidelity, simple pulse-shaping techniques effectively suppress the strong-driving effects. Moreover, a broad AC sweet spot emerges when the detuning parameter and the tunneling coupling are driven simultaneously. Taking into account phonon-mediated noise, we find that it should be possible to achieve ${X}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ gates with fidelities higher than 99.999.9%99.9.
High-Fidelity Single-Qubit Gates Via Strongly Driving of a Double Quantum Dot Hybrid Qubit with 1/f1/f1/f Charge Noise
Semiconductor double quantum dot hybrid qubits are promising candidates for high-fidelity quantum computing. However, their performance is limited by charge noise, which is ubiquitous in solid-state devices, and phonon-induced dephasing. Here we explore methods for improving the quantum operations of a hybrid qubit, using strong microwave driving to enable gate operations that are much faster than decoherence processes. Using numerical simulations and a theoretical method based on a cumulant expansion, we analyze qubit dynamics in the presence of 1/f1/f1/f charge noise, which forms the dominant decoherence mechanism in many solid-state devices. We show that, while strong-driving effects and charge noise both reduce the quantum gate fidelity, simple pulse-shaping techniques effectively suppress the strong-driving effects. Moreover, a broad AC sweet spot emerges when the detuning parameter and the tunneling coupling are driven simultaneously. Taking into account phonon-mediated noise, we find that it should be possible to achieve XπX_{\pi}Xπ​ gates with fidelities higher than 99.9%99.9\%99.9%.
Quantum computing is a powerful way of improving computing efficiency. For some specific problems, quantum processor can exponentially reduce computation time compared to the classical computer. Cavity quantum electrodynamics, which studies the coherent interaction between photons in an optical cavity and atoms or other two-level systems, is of enormous significance to quantum computing and quantum information processing. The strong coupling regime where a cavity photon mode and an atom exchange a single quantum energy coherently has attracted extensive interest in varied experimental platforms and systems such as alkali atoms, Rydberg atoms, large spin ensembles, magnons, etc. The semiconductor gate-defined double quantum dot (DQD) system is one of the most promising platforms that possesses advantages of advanced micro-nano processing technology and outstanding scalability. Introducing the concept of cavity QED into superconducting circuits (circuit QED, cQED), provides an opportunity to study interaction between electrons confined in semiconductor DQD and photons trapped in a superconducting resonator. Reaching strong coupling regime in this hybrid system paves the way to large-scale network of quantum computing. Electrons confined in DQD have large electrical dipoles, thus are able to couple to photons with relatively large coupling rate. Whereas, due to the charge noise and other dissipation channels in the hybrid system, the decoherence rate of the system is larger than the coupling rate, leaving the strong coupling a great challenge. In recent years, different methods have been proposed to access the strong coupling regime. Taking advantage of a high-quality heterojunction structure, an overlapping gate architecture and a low-pass LC filter on the DC bias line, the decoherence of the charge qubit and microwave leakage of the resonator can be effectively suppressed. The coupling strength of the hybrid system can be improved utilizing a high impedance resonator which is comprised of high kinetic inductance materials. Spin, which does not interact directly with the electric field, is insensitive to charge noise and has much longer decoherence time than charge qubit. However, the weak interaction results in a small coupling rate between the spin and the photon. To solve this problem, the method of coherent hybridization between the spin and the charge state is proposed to improve the coupling strength. This hybridization can be achieved by applying a non-uniform magnetic field, utilizing spin-orbit interaction or spin exchange interaction. At present, both charge qubits and spin qubits have achieved strong coupling with the cavity and the coupling distance between long-range qubits is greatly expanded as long as millimeters. This review introduces basic ideas about cQED and fundamental elements in semiconductor cQED systems. Recent progress in strong coupling hybrid system and methods for improving coupling structures are discussed. In future research, more efforts will be devoted into long-range transfer of qubit states and photon-mediated two or multi-qubit gates.