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arXiv:2008.02172 · Optics Express

Configurable heralded two-photon Fock-states on a chip

Xin Hua, Tommaso Lunghi, Florent Doutre, Panagiotis Vergyris, Grégory Sauder, Pierrick Charlier, Laurent Labonté, Virginia D’Auria, Anthony Martin, Sorin Tascu, Marc de Micheli, Sébastien Tanzilli, Olivier Alibart

Published Dec 10, 2020• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Progress in integrated photonics enables the combination of several elementary functions on single substrates for the realization of advanced functionalized chips. We report a monolithic integrated quantum photonic realization on lithium niobate, where nonlinear optics and electro-optics properties have been harnessed simultaneously for generating heralded configurable, two-photon states. Taking advantage of a picosecond pump laser and telecom components, we demonstrate the production of various path-coded heralded two-photon states, showing 94% raw visibility for Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. The versatility and performance of such a highly integrated photonic entanglement source enable exploring more complex quantum information processing protocols finding application in communication, metrology and processing tasks.

DOI
10.1364/oe.403552

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Progress in integrated photonics enables the combination of several elementary functions on single substrates for the realization of advanced functionalized chips. We report a monolithic integrated quantum photonic realization on lithium niobate, where nonlinear optics and electro-optics properties have been harnessed simultaneously for generating heralded configurable, two-photon states. Taking advantage of a picosecond pump laser and telecom components, we demonstrate the production of various path-coded heralded two-photon states, showing 94% raw visibility for Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. The versatility and performance of such a highly integrated photonic entanglement source enable exploring more complex quantum information processing protocols finding application in communication, metrology and processing tasks.
This thesis reports an advanced monolithic integrated quantum photonic realization on lithium niobate, where nonlinear optics and electro-optics properties have been harnessed simultaneously for generating heralded configurable, two-photon states. Taking advantage of a picosecond pump laser and telecom components, we demonstrated the capability of producing various path-coded heralded two-photon, showing 94% raw visibility for Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference. The versatility and performance of such a highly integrated photonic entanglement source enable exploring more complex quantum information processing protocols finding application in communication, metrology and processing tasks. To enable on-chip two-photon interference, synchronization of two pump pulses entering the chip is crucial. Inspired by Young's double-slit experiment, we synchronize two pulses with a precision of 100 µm by investigating the interference-fringe contrast when varying the relative delay of the pulses. Using an autocorrelator and spectrometer, we determined the time-bandwidth product of the pump pulse and calculated the optimal filter bandwidth to obtain pure quantum states. Since the visibility of two-photon interference relates to the pump power, a theoretical investigation figuring out suitable pump power level was performed as well. In addition, the functionality of generating high quality two-photon path-entangled state was demonstrated by fourfold coincidence measurement relying on a four-channel superconducting single photon detector (SNSPD) and a programmable time-digital converter. In this thesis, the SNSPDs were calibrated and a logical counting algorithm based on Labview was developed to efficiently and accurately record the fourfold coincidences for N00N and product states.
A consequent tendency toward high-performance quantum information processing is to develop the fully integrated photonic chip. Here, we report the on-chip generation and manipulation of entangled photons based on reconfigurable lithium-niobate waveguide circuits. By introducing a periodically poled structure into the waveguide circuits, two individual photon-pair sources with a controllable electro-optic phase shift are produced within a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer, resulting in a deterministically separated identical photon pair. The state is characterized by 92.9±0.9% visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. The photon flux reaches ∼1.4×10(7) pairs nm-1 mW-1. The whole chip is designed to contain nine similar units to produce identical photon pairs spanning the telecom C and L band by the flexible engineering of nonlinearity. Our work presents a scenario for on-chip engineering of different photon sources and paves the way to fully integrated quantum technologies.
Abstract Quantum photonic chip is a powerful platform to prepare multi-functional quantum light sources and actualize complex quantum information processing for its advantages of integration, stability, mass production, and reconfigurability. In this work, we design and fabricate a lithium niobate quantum photonic chip, consisting of tandem multi-poling structures, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and electro-optic modulation, to produce multiple near-ideal quantum light sources including anti-bunching, path and frequency entangled photon pairs. The anti-bunching photon pairs exhibit off-chip Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibilities above 99%. The fidelities of both frequency and path entanglement exceed 0.99. Meanwhile, all the quantum states hold a wide wavelength tuning range and high coupling efficiency from the chip. Our work paves the way for the development of programmable multi-functional quantum light sources and further promoting various quantum information tasks and enriching the architectures of on-chip quantum information processing.
Integrated quantum optics becomes a consequent tendency towards practical quantum information processing. Here, we report the on-chip generation and manipulation of photonic entanglement based on reconfigurable lithium niobate waveguide circuits. By introducing periodically poled structure into the waveguide interferometer, two individual photon-pair sources with controllable phase-shift are produced and cascaded by a quantum interference, resulting in a deterministically separated identical photon pair. The state is characterized by 92.9% visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. Continuous morphing from two-photon separated state to bunched state is further demonstrated by on-chip control of electro-optic phase-shift. The photon flux reaches ~1.4*10^7 pairs nm-1 mW-1. Our work presents a scenario for on-chip engineering of different photon sources and paves a way to the fully integrated quantum technologies.
Quantum technologies have surpassed classical systems by leveraging the unique properties of superposition and entanglement in photons and matter. Recent advancements in integrated quantum photonics, especially in silicon-based and lithium niobate platforms, are pushing the technology toward greater scalability and functionality. Silicon circuits have progressed from centimeter-scale, dual-photon systems to millimeter-scale, high-density devices that integrate thousands of components, enabling sophisticated programmable manipulation of multi-photon states. Meanwhile, lithium niobate, thanks to its wide optical transmission window, outstanding nonlinear and electro-optic coefficients, and chemical stability, has emerged as an optimal substrate for fully integrated photonic quantum chips. Devices made from this material exhibit high efficiency in in generating, manipulating, converting, storing, and detecting photon states, thereby establishing a basis for deterministic multi-photon generation and single-photon quantum interactions, as well as comprehensive frequency-state control. This review explores the development of integrated photonic quantum technologies based on both silicon and lithium niobate, highlighting invaluable insights gained from silicon-based systems that can assist the scaling of lithium niobate technologies. It examines the functional integration mechanisms of lithium niobate in electro-optic tuning and nonlinear energy conversion, showcasing its transformative impact throughout the photonic quantum computing process. Looking ahead, we speculate on the developmental pathways for lithium niobate platforms and their potential to revolutionize areas such as quantum communication, complex system simulation, quantum sampling, and optical quantum computing paradigms.