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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Configurable heralded two-photon Fock-states on a chip

Xin Hua, Tommaso Lunghi, Florent Doutre, Panagiotis Vergyris, Grégory Sauder, Pierrick Charlier, Laurent Labonté, Virginia D’Auria, Anthony Martin, Sorin Tascu, Marc de Micheli, Sébastien Tanzilli, Olivier Alibart

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a monolithic integrated quantum photonic realization on lithium niobate, which enables producing various path-coded heralded two-photon states, showing 94% raw visibility for Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2021.am1s.3

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Progress in integrated photonics enables the combination of several elementary functions on single substrates for the realization of advanced functionalized chips. We report a monolithic integrated quantum photonic realization on lithium niobate, where nonlinear optics and electro-optics properties have been harnessed simultaneously for generating heralded configurable, two-photon states. Taking advantage of a picosecond pump laser and telecom components, we demonstrate the production of various path-coded heralded two-photon states, showing 94% raw visibility for Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. The versatility and performance of such a highly integrated photonic entanglement source enable exploring more complex quantum information processing protocols finding application in communication, metrology and processing tasks.
This thesis reports an advanced monolithic integrated quantum photonic realization on lithium niobate, where nonlinear optics and electro-optics properties have been harnessed simultaneously for generating heralded configurable, two-photon states. Taking advantage of a picosecond pump laser and telecom components, we demonstrated the capability of producing various path-coded heralded two-photon, showing 94% raw visibility for Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference. The versatility and performance of such a highly integrated photonic entanglement source enable exploring more complex quantum information processing protocols finding application in communication, metrology and processing tasks. To enable on-chip two-photon interference, synchronization of two pump pulses entering the chip is crucial. Inspired by Young's double-slit experiment, we synchronize two pulses with a precision of 100 µm by investigating the interference-fringe contrast when varying the relative delay of the pulses. Using an autocorrelator and spectrometer, we determined the time-bandwidth product of the pump pulse and calculated the optimal filter bandwidth to obtain pure quantum states. Since the visibility of two-photon interference relates to the pump power, a theoretical investigation figuring out suitable pump power level was performed as well. In addition, the functionality of generating high quality two-photon path-entangled state was demonstrated by fourfold coincidence measurement relying on a four-channel superconducting single photon detector (SNSPD) and a programmable time-digital converter. In this thesis, the SNSPDs were calibrated and a logical counting algorithm based on Labview was developed to efficiently and accurately record the fourfold coincidences for N00N and product states.
Beyond the use of genuine monolithic integrated optical platforms, we report here a hybrid strategy enabling on-chip generation of configurable heralded two-photon states. More specifically, we combine two different fabrication techniques, i.e., non-linear waveguides on lithium niobate for efficient photon-pair generation and femtosecond-laser-direct-written waveguides on glass for photon manipulation. Through real-time device manipulation capabilities, a variety of path-coded heralded two-photon states can be produced, ranging from product to entangled states. Those states are engineered with high levels of purity, assessed by fidelities of 99.5 ± 8% and 95.0 ± 8%, respectively, obtained via quantum interferometric measurements. Our strategy therefore stands as a milestone for further exploiting entanglement-based protocols, relying on engineered quantum states, and enabled by scalable and compatible photonic circuits.
Integrated quantum optics becomes a consequent tendency towards practical quantum information processing. Here, we report the on-chip generation and manipulation of photonic entanglement based on reconfigurable lithium niobate waveguide circuits. By introducing periodically poled structure into the waveguide interferometer, two individual photon-pair sources with controllable phase-shift are produced and cascaded by a quantum interference, resulting in a deterministically separated identical photon pair. The state is characterized by 92.9% visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. Continuous morphing from two-photon separated state to bunched state is further demonstrated by on-chip control of electro-optic phase-shift. The photon flux reaches ~1.4*10^7 pairs nm-1 mW-1. Our work presents a scenario for on-chip engineering of different photon sources and paves a way to the fully integrated quantum technologies.
A consequent tendency toward high-performance quantum information processing is to develop the fully integrated photonic chip. Here, we report the on-chip generation and manipulation of entangled photons based on reconfigurable lithium-niobate waveguide circuits. By introducing a periodically poled structure into the waveguide circuits, two individual photon-pair sources with a controllable electro-optic phase shift are produced within a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer, resulting in a deterministically separated identical photon pair. The state is characterized by 92.9±0.9% visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. The photon flux reaches ∼1.4×10(7) pairs nm-1 mW-1. The whole chip is designed to contain nine similar units to produce identical photon pairs spanning the telecom C and L band by the flexible engineering of nonlinearity. Our work presents a scenario for on-chip engineering of different photon sources and paves the way to fully integrated quantum technologies.