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arXiv:2007.10670

Optoelectronic based Quantum Radar: Entanglement Sustainability Improving at High Temperature

Ahmad Salmanogli, Dinçer Gökcen

Published Jul 21, 2020• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this study, the main focus is laid on the design of the optoelectronic quantum illumination system to enhance the system performance, such as operation at high temperature and confinement of the thermally excited photons. The optomechanical based quantum illumination system has wieldy been studied, and the results showed that operation at high temperature is so crucial to preserve the entanglement between modes. The main problem is that the mechanical part has to operate with a low frequency with which a large number of thermally excited photons are generated and worsened the entanglement. To solve this problem, we focus on replacing the mechanical part with the optoelectronic components. In this system, the optical cavity is coupled to the microwave cavity through a Varactor diode excited by a photodetector. The photodetector is excited by the optical cavity modes and drives the current flow as a function of incident light drives the Varactor diode at which the voltage drop is a function of current generated by the photodetector. To engineer the system, the effect of some parameters is investigated. One of the critical parameters is the microwave cavity to the photodetector coupling factor. Our results indicate that this coupling factor induces a significant difference in the new design as compared to the optomechanical quantum illumination system. At some specific values of the coupling factor, the modes remained completely entangled up to 5.5 K and partially entangled around 50 K.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2007.10670

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In this study, the main focus is laid on the design of the optoelectronic quantum illumination system to enhance the system performance, such as operation at high temperature and confinement of the thermally excited photons. The optomechanical based quantum illumination system has wieldy been studied, and the results showed that operation at high temperature is so crucial to preserve the entanglement between modes. The main problem is that the mechanical part has to operate with a low frequency with which a large number of thermally excited photons are generated and worsened the entanglement. To solve this problem, we focus on replacing the mechanical part with the optoelectronic components. In this system, the optical cavity is coupled to the microwave cavity through a Varactor diode excited by a photodetector. The photodetector is excited by the optical cavity modes and drives the current flow as a function of incident light drives the Varactor diode at which the voltage drop is a function of current generated by the photodetector. To engineer the system, the effect of some parameters is investigated. One of the critical parameters is the microwave cavity to the photodetector coupling factor. Our results indicate that this coupling factor induces a significant difference in the new design as compared to the optomechanical quantum illumination system. At some specific values of the coupling factor, the modes remained completely entangled up to 5.5 K and partially entangled around 50 K.
In this study, the main focus is laid on the design of an optoelectronic converter as a part of the quantum radar to enhance the entanglement between retained and returned modes at high temperatures. The electro-opto-mechanical converter has been widely studied, and the results showed that the operation at high temperature is so crucial to generate and preserve the entanglement between modes. The main problem arises because the mechanical part operating at a low frequency leads to a large number of thermally excited photons, and eventually, the entanglement between modes becomes lost. To solve the problem, we replace the mechanical part with the optoelectronic components. The optical cavity is coupled to the microwave cavity in the newly designed system through a Varactor diode excited by a photodetector. As the main goal, to improve the entanglement sustainability, the effect of the coupling factor of the microwave cavity to photodetector is investigated. The results show that the mentioned factor creates some degrees of freedom to enhance the entanglement at high temperatures compared to the electro-opto-mechanical converter. At some specific values of the coupling factor, the retained and returned fields remained completely entangled up to 5.5 K and partially entangled around 50 K.
As usual, simpler is better: This study uses optoelectronics, rather than optomechanics, to directly couple optical and microwave cavities, addressing the issue of low-temperature operation of the traditional tripartite system. The approach here allows one to generate and control the quantum entanglement of output cavity modes at $r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m$ $t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e$, which is important for practicality in applications such as quantum sensing (think quantum radar).
We show how to generate stationary continuous-variable pairwise entanglement between microwave modes in a hybrid optoelectromechanical system, which consists of a single Fabry–Pérot cavity, a parallel-plate capacitor with a moving element as the mechanical resonator, and several pairs of microwave cavities. The optical mode and mechanical resonator are coupled via radiation pressure; meanwhile, several pairs of the microwave mode and mechanical resonator are capacitively coupled. Under an experimentally reachable parameter regime, we show the influence of different key parameters on pairwise entanglement and find that it is also robust against temperature. Our model and results are expected to provide a new perspective on quantum networks with increasingly large scales, quantum internet with multiple local users, and multiport microwave quantum illumination radar.
Quantum entanglement is a crucial resource in quantum technologies, enabling advancements in quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum precision measurement. Here, we propose a method to enhance optomechanical entanglement by introducing an optical Kerr nonlinear medium and a squeezed vacuum reservoir of the optomechanical cavity. By performing the displacement and squeezing transformations, the system can be reduced to a standard linearized optomechanical system with normalized driving detuning and linearized-coupling strength, in which the optical and mechanical modes are, respectively, coupled to an optical vacuum bath and a mechanical heat bath. We focus on the entanglement generation in the single stable regime of the system. By evaluating the steady-state logarithm negativity, we find that the optomechanical entanglement can be enhanced within a wide range of the Kerr constant. In addition, the Kerr nonlinearity can extend the stable region, enabling considerable entanglement generation in the blue-sideband parameter region. We also investigate the dependence of the entanglement generation on the average thermal phonon occupation of the mechanical bath and the optical driving amplitude. It is found that the presence of the Kerr nonlinearity allows the generation of optomechanical entanglement even when the thermal phonon occupation of the mechanical bath is as high as 3000. Our findings will provide valuable insights into enhancing fragile quantum resources in quantum systems.
Quantum illumination is a quantum optical sensing technique, which employs an entangled source to detect low-reflectivity object immersed in a bright thermal background. Hybrid cavity-optomagnonics system promises to work as quantum illumination because a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere can couple to microwave field and optical field. In this paper, we propose a scheme to enhance the entanglement between the output fields of the microwave and optical cavities by considering the intrinsic Kerr nonlinearity of the YIG. We investigate the difference between intrinsic Kerr nonlinearity and optomagnonical parametric-type coupling on improving entanglement. Our result show that the large value optomagnonical parametric-type coupling does not mean the large entanglement, nevertheless, the large value of Kerr nonlinearity does monotonously improve the entanglement for our group of parameters. Consequently, under feasible parameters of current experiment, the signal-to-noise ratio and probability of detection error can be improved after considering the magnon Kerr nonlinearity.
Quantum illumination (QI) is a quantum sensing protocol mainly for target detection which uses entangled signal-idler photon pairs to enhance the detection efficiency of low-reflectivity objects that are immersed in thermal noisy environments. Due to the naturally occurring background radiation, the photon emitted toward potential targets more appropriately lies in the microwave region. Here, we propose a hybrid quantum source based on cavity magnonics for microwave QI, where the medium that bridges the optical and the microwave modes is magnon, the quanta of spin wave. Within experimentally accessible parameters, significant microwave-optical quantum resources of interest can be generated, leading to orders of magnitude lower detecting error probability compared with the electro-optomechanical prototype quantum radar and any classical microwave radar with equal transmitted energy.