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arXiv:1805.07136 · Physical Review Applied

Entanglement of Optical and Microcavity Modes by Means of an Optoelectronic System

Ahmad Salmanogli, Dincer Gokcen, H. Selçuk Geçim

Published Feb 28, 2019• 30 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

As usual, simpler is better: This study uses optoelectronics, rather than optomechanics, to directly couple optical and microwave cavities, addressing the issue of low-temperature operation of the traditional tripartite system. The approach here allows one to generate and control the quantum entanglement of output cavity modes at $r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m$ $t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e$, which is important for practicality in applications such as quantum sensing (think quantum radar).

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.11.024075

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As usual, simpler is better: This study uses optoelectronics, rather than optomechanics, to directly couple optical and microwave cavities, addressing the issue of low-temperature operation of the traditional tripartite system. The approach here allows one to generate and control the quantum entanglement of output cavity modes at r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e, which is important for practicality in applications such as quantum sensing (think quantum radar).
To improve the performance of the traditional tripartite opto-mechanical system, we design a developed opto-mechanical tripartite system in which all subsystems such as an optical cavity, microresonator, and microcavity modes are coupled directly to each other. This system is analyzed quantum mechanically, and its dynamics of motion is studied by the Heisenberg-Langevin equations. Notably, the originality of this work contributes to embedding the spherical capacitor in the optical cavity where the plasmon-plasmon interaction between capacitor plates manipulates the internal electric field. Therefore, using plasmon-plasmon interaction inside the spherical capacitor, which leads to nonlinearity, causes the contributed polarization function of the plasmonic property. Actually, this plasmonic property manages the spherical capacitance. Although the spherical capacitor is fundamentally dependent on the plasmonic properties caused by the capacitor gap, the spherical capacitor for a design is required to be parallel to the microwave capacitor. The system developed in the present work proved that the stability of the entanglement between optical cavity and microcavity modes toward the temperature changing is dramatically increased; which is the original goal of this study. It is worth mentioning that the environment noise severely restricted the traditional tripartite system operated with a wide bandwidth, hence the present design can efficiently fix this issue.
We provide a systemic theory to entangle excitons with microcavity photons. This is realized by adopting an exciton-optomechanics system and introducing a nonlinear dispersive interaction with a mechanical oscillator. We show that when either the exciton and cavity modes in the weak-coupling regime, or the two exciton-polariton modes in the strong-coupling regime are, respectively, resonant with the optomechanical Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands, entanglement between excitons and cavity photons, or between two exciton polaritons, can be established. The entanglement is in the steady state and can potentially be achievable at room temperature. In both cases, genuine tripartite entanglement is shown to be present. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
In this study, the main focus is laid on the design of an optoelectronic converter as a part of the quantum radar to enhance the entanglement between retained and returned modes at high temperatures. The electro-opto-mechanical converter has been widely studied, and the results showed that the operation at high temperature is so crucial to generate and preserve the entanglement between modes. The main problem arises because the mechanical part operating at a low frequency leads to a large number of thermally excited photons, and eventually, the entanglement between modes becomes lost. To solve the problem, we replace the mechanical part with the optoelectronic components. The optical cavity is coupled to the microwave cavity in the newly designed system through a Varactor diode excited by a photodetector. As the main goal, to improve the entanglement sustainability, the effect of the coupling factor of the microwave cavity to photodetector is investigated. The results show that the mentioned factor creates some degrees of freedom to enhance the entanglement at high temperatures compared to the electro-opto-mechanical converter. At some specific values of the coupling factor, the retained and returned fields remained completely entangled up to 5.5 K and partially entangled around 50 K.
In this study, the main focus is laid on the design of the optoelectronic quantum illumination system to enhance the system performance, such as operation at high temperature and confinement of the thermally excited photons. The optomechanical based quantum illumination system has wieldy been studied, and the results showed that operation at high temperature is so crucial to preserve the entanglement between modes. The main problem is that the mechanical part has to operate with a low frequency with which a large number of thermally excited photons are generated and worsened the entanglement. To solve this problem, we focus on replacing the mechanical part with the optoelectronic components. In this system, the optical cavity is coupled to the microwave cavity through a Varactor diode excited by a photodetector. The photodetector is excited by the optical cavity modes and drives the current flow as a function of incident light drives the Varactor diode at which the voltage drop is a function of current generated by the photodetector. To engineer the system, the effect of some parameters is investigated. One of the critical parameters is the microwave cavity to the photodetector coupling factor. Our results indicate that this coupling factor induces a significant difference in the new design as compared to the optomechanical quantum illumination system. At some specific values of the coupling factor, the modes remained completely entangled up to 5.5 K and partially entangled around 50 K.