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Optics Express

Quantum illumination based on cavity-optomagnonics system with Kerr nonlinearity

Cheng-Zhang Du, Da‐Wei Wang, Cheng-song Zhao, Junya Yang, Ling Zhou

Published Jul 31, 2023• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum illumination is a quantum optical sensing technique, which employs an entangled source to detect low-reflectivity object immersed in a bright thermal background. Hybrid cavity-optomagnonics system promises to work as quantum illumination because a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere can couple to microwave field and optical field. In this paper, we propose a scheme to enhance the entanglement between the output fields of the microwave and optical cavities by considering the intrinsic Kerr nonlinearity of the YIG. We investigate the difference between intrinsic Kerr nonlinearity and optomagnonical parametric-type coupling on improving entanglement. Our result show that the large value optomagnonical parametric-type coupling does not mean the large entanglement, nevertheless, the large value of Kerr nonlinearity does monotonously improve the entanglement for our group of parameters. Consequently, under feasible parameters of current experiment, the signal-to-noise ratio and probability of detection error can be improved after considering the magnon Kerr nonlinearity.

DOI
10.1364/oe.496693

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Quantum illumination is a quantum optical sensing technique, which employs an entangled source to detect low-reflectivity object immersed in a bright thermal background. Hybrid cavity-optomagnonics system promises to work as quantum illumination because a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere can couple to microwave field and optical field. In this paper, we propose a scheme to enhance the entanglement between the output fields of the microwave and optical cavities by considering the intrinsic Kerr nonlinearity of the YIG. We investigate the difference between intrinsic Kerr nonlinearity and optomagnonical parametric-type coupling on improving entanglement. Our result show that the large value optomagnonical parametric-type coupling does not mean the large entanglement, nevertheless, the large value of Kerr nonlinearity does monotonously improve the entanglement for our group of parameters. Consequently, under feasible parameters of current experiment, the signal-to-noise ratio and probability of detection error can be improved after considering the magnon Kerr nonlinearity.
Most current microwave quantum illumination techniques rely on hybrid quantum systems to detect the presence of targets. However, real-world radar tasks are considerably more intricate than this simplistic model. Accurately determining physical attributes such as object speed, position, and azimuth is also essential. In this study, we explore azimuth detection using a quantum illumination approach based on a cavity-optomagnonics system and analyze the accuracy of azimuth detection in this framework. Our results indicate that this approach significantly outperforms classical microwave radar in azimuth detection within the parameters of current existing experiments. Additionally, we investigate the impact of Kerr nonlinearity of the YIG sphere on azimuth detection accuracy, revealing a clear improvement with the incorporation of Kerr nonlinearity.
Nonclassical states of quantized light are essential resources for quantum information science and emerging quantum technologies. In this work, we investigate the generation of such states in a dissipative hybrid system, namely a microcavity consisting of a ferromagnetic yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere coupled to a quantized microwave cavity mode, and particularly incorporating several nonlinear quantum optical elements including various Kerr media, optical parametric amplifier (OPA), and a magnonic parametric amplifier (MPA) which is introduced as the magnonic analog of the OPA. Decoherence effects arise from thermal photonic and magnonic reservoirs. Using the Heisenberg–Langevin formalism, we analyze the influence of Kerr nonlinearities, OPA, and MPA on several nonclassical signatures, including antibunching, entanglement, quadrature squeezing, and violation of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. Numerical results show that photon and magnon antibunching, as well as violation of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, can persist even in the presence of considerable dissipation, although these effects weaken as the thermal photon and magnon populations increase. In contrast, entanglement and quadrature squeezing remain remarkably robust against thermal noise. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the inclusion of OPA and MPA generally enhances all investigated nonclassical effects, whereas Kerr nonlinearities have negligible influence within the considered parameter regimes.
Abstract A scheme to construct microwave‐to‐optical conversion and amplification using a hybrid cavity optomagnonics system is presented. A yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere with nonlinearity couples to optical transverse‐electric (TE) and transverse‐magnetic (TM) whispering gallery modes and a microwave mode. It is shown that the TM classical mode can control the quantum signals input from the microwave mode transmission into the optical TE mode. Due to the nonlinearity of the YIG sphere as well as effective magnon‐optical nondegenerate parametric amplification form interaction, the microwave quantum signals can be amplified and transmitted into the optical TE mode. The current system can function well as a quantum transistor, which is important for constructing a quantum circuit using a cavity optomagnonics system.
We present a utilization of the magnon Kerr effect to generate nonreciprocal genuine microwave entanglement in a hybrid system consisting of a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere and three microwave cavities. Based on the quantum Langevin theory and linearization method under the condition of strong magnon driving, the system dynamics and covariance evolution are deduced and then applied to determinate the quantum correlations. It is found that three microwave cavities entangle with each other at the steady state. The basic root is that the Kerr nonlinearity can not only induce the enhanced parametric amplification of magnon but also cause the magnon frequency shift. Naturally, when the direction of the externally applied bias magnetic field is changed, switching of the magnon Kerr coefficient from positive to negative occurs and nonreciprocal tripartite entanglement among three microwave photons can be achieved. This may provide a fundamental resource for practical applications in quantum information processing and quantum networks.
Hybrid quantum systems have attracted much attention due to the fact that they combine the advantages of different physical subsystems. Cavity QED (cavity quantum electrodynamics) with magnons is a hybrid quantum systems that combines a YIG (Yttrium Iron Garnet) sphere and a 3D (three-dimensional) rectangular microwave cavity. Based on this hybrid photon-magnon system, we obtain an approximate analytic solution by the RWA (rotating wave approximation) with an ingenious transformation. After skillfully diagonalizing the Hamiltonian, we show that the Kerr-nonlinearity interactions could yield a negativity value of the Wigner function, periodic quadrature squeezing effects, antibunching property, and field nonclassicality in the magnon. Our work may stimulate the study of nonclassicality of photon-magnon coupling systems and its potential applications in quantum information processing.
Quantum illumination (QI) is a quantum sensing protocol mainly for target detection which uses entangled signal-idler photon pairs to enhance the detection efficiency of low-reflectivity objects that are immersed in thermal noisy environments. Due to the naturally occurring background radiation, the photon emitted toward potential targets more appropriately lies in the microwave region. Here, we propose a hybrid quantum source based on cavity magnonics for microwave QI, where the medium that bridges the optical and the microwave modes is magnon, the quanta of spin wave. Within experimentally accessible parameters, significant microwave-optical quantum resources of interest can be generated, leading to orders of magnitude lower detecting error probability compared with the electro-optomechanical prototype quantum radar and any classical microwave radar with equal transmitted energy.