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arXiv:2006.01741

Coherence Revivals of a Spinor Polariton Condensate from Self-induced Larmor Precession

Alexis Askitopoulos, Helgi Sigurðsson, Ivan Gnusov, Sergey Alyatkin, Lucy Pickup, Николай Алексеевич Гиппиус, Pavlos G. Lagoudakis

Published Jun 2, 2020• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

First order coherence measurements of a polariton condensate, reveal a regime where the condensate pseudo-spin precesses persistently within the driving optical pulse. Within a single 20 $μ$s optical pulse the condensate pseudo-spin performs over $10^5$ precessions with striking frequency stability. The condensate maintains its phase coherence even after a complete precession of the spin vector, making the observed state by a definition a spin coherent state. The emergence of the precession is traced to the polariton interactions that give rise to a self-induced out-of-plane magnetic field that in turn drives the spin dynamics. We find that the Larmor oscillation frequency scales with the condensate density, enabling external tuning of this effect by optical means. The stability of the system allows for the realization of integrated optical magnetometry devices with the use of materials with enhanced exciton $g$-factor and can facilitate spin squeezing effects and active coherent control on the Bloch sphere in polariton condensates.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2006.01741

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First order coherence measurements of a polariton condensate, reveal a regime where the condensate pseudo-spin precesses persistently within the driving optical pulse. Within a single 20 μμμs optical pulse the condensate pseudo-spin performs over 10510^5105 precessions with striking frequency stability. The condensate maintains its phase coherence even after a complete precession of the spin vector, making the observed state by a definition a spin coherent state. The emergence of the precession is traced to the polariton interactions that give rise to a self-induced out-of-plane magnetic field that in turn drives the spin dynamics. We find that the Larmor oscillation frequency scales with the condensate density, enabling external tuning of this effect by optical means. The stability of the system allows for the realization of integrated optical magnetometry devices with the use of materials with enhanced exciton ggg-factor and can facilitate spin squeezing effects and active coherent control on the Bloch sphere in polariton condensates.
Interferometric measurements of an optically trapped exciton-polariton condensate reveal a regime where the condensate pseudo-spin precesses persistently within the driving optical pulse. For a single 20 μs optical pulse, the condensate pseudo-spin undergoes over 10^{5} full precessions with striking frequency stability. The emergence of the precession is traced to polariton nonlinear interactions that give rise to a self-induced out-of-plane magnetic field, which in turn drives the system spin dynamics. The Larmor precession frequency and trajectory are directly influenced by the condensate density, enabling the control of this effect with optical means. Our results accentuate the system's potential for the realization of magnetometry devices and can lead to the emergence of spin-squeezed polariton condensates.
External driving of spins by magnetic or optical fields in different systems underpins numerous applications ranging from magnetic resonance imaging to coherent state control in quantum computing. Here, we reveal the effect of an all-optically driven spin precession in microcavity polariton condensates. It is achieved through a radio frequency modulation of a spatially rotating, asymmetric exciton reservoir that both confines and actively replenishes the polariton condensate. The non-resonant stirring profile is realized by the beating note of two structured and frequency-detuned laser beams. We realize the GHz driven spin precession with striking phase stability, which occurs only in the resonance with the internal condensate self-induced Larmor precession frequency. From the shape of the revealed resonance, we estimate the spin coherence time ( T 2 ) for the polariton condensate. Our observations are supported by numerical simulations and evidence a quantum fluidic analogue of the nuclear magnetic resonance effect.
We demonstrate mutual synchronization of Larmor precessions between spatially separated, optically trapped polariton condensates. We identify the cross-condensate correlation g(2)1,2(τ) as a sensitive metric for condensate coupling. Synchronization of precessions in a condensate dimer is mediated by polariton outflow and resonantly depends on spectral overlap and precession winding. All-optical stirring of one site non-locally increases the pseudo-spin dephasing time of its static neighbor, prolonging phase-locking in a dimer by an order of magnitude. Our work establishes a scalable platform for studying non-equilibrium time-periodically driven systems and for high-speed spinoptronic networks.
We investigate the indistinguishability of polaritons in optically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates by implementing Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometry and test the limitations of two-polariton interference in the coherent, limit-cycle, and thermal statistical regimes. We observe that the HOM dynamics of a circularly polarized condensate follows the condensate coherence time with the characteristic HOM dip approaching the classical limit. Linearly polarized condensates exhibit a combined effect of polariton bunching and two-polariton interference. Under elliptically polarized excitation, the temporal evolution of the spinor condensate results in the revival of the HOM dip at the spinor Larmor precession frequency.
We demonstrate theoretically the spontaneous formation of a stochastic polarization in exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensates in planar microcavities under pulsed excitation. Below the threshold pumping intensity (dependent on the polariton lifetime), the average polarization degree is close to zero, while above threshold the condensate acquires a polarization described by a (pseudospin) vector with random orientation, in general. It is shown that the polariton-polariton interaction leads to suppression of the linear polarization degree of the condensate due to the self-induced Larmor precession of the pseudospin. We establish the link between the second-order coherence of the polariton condensate and the distribution function of its polarization. We examine also the mechanisms of polarization dephasing and relaxation.