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Optica

Observation of spin precession resonance in a stirred quantum fluid of light

Ivan Gnusov, Stepan Baryshev, Helgi Sigurðsson, Kirill Sitnik, Julian D. Töpfer, Sergey Alyatkin, Pavlos G. Lagoudakis

Published Jul 16, 2024• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

External driving of spins by magnetic or optical fields in different systems underpins numerous applications ranging from magnetic resonance imaging to coherent state control in quantum computing. Here, we reveal the effect of an all-optically driven spin precession in microcavity polariton condensates. It is achieved through a radio frequency modulation of a spatially rotating, asymmetric exciton reservoir that both confines and actively replenishes the polariton condensate. The non-resonant stirring profile is realized by the beating note of two structured and frequency-detuned laser beams. We realize the GHz driven spin precession with striking phase stability, which occurs only in the resonance with the internal condensate self-induced Larmor precession frequency. From the shape of the revealed resonance, we estimate the spin coherence time ( T 2 ) for the polariton condensate. Our observations are supported by numerical simulations and evidence a quantum fluidic analogue of the nuclear magnetic resonance effect.

DOI
10.1364/optica.527868

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External driving of spins by magnetic or optical fields in different systems underpins numerous applications ranging from magnetic resonance imaging to coherent state control in quantum computing. Here, we reveal the effect of an all-optically driven spin precession in microcavity polariton condensates. It is achieved through a radio frequency modulation of a spatially rotating, asymmetric exciton reservoir that both confines and actively replenishes the polariton condensate. The non-resonant stirring profile is realized by the beating note of two structured and frequency-detuned laser beams. We realize the GHz driven spin precession with striking phase stability, which occurs only in the resonance with the internal condensate self-induced Larmor precession frequency. From the shape of the revealed resonance, we estimate the spin coherence time ( T 2 ) for the polariton condensate. Our observations are supported by numerical simulations and evidence a quantum fluidic analogue of the nuclear magnetic resonance effect.
First order coherence measurements of a polariton condensate, reveal a regime where the condensate pseudo-spin precesses persistently within the driving optical pulse. Within a single 20 μμμs optical pulse the condensate pseudo-spin performs over 10510^5105 precessions with striking frequency stability. The condensate maintains its phase coherence even after a complete precession of the spin vector, making the observed state by a definition a spin coherent state. The emergence of the precession is traced to the polariton interactions that give rise to a self-induced out-of-plane magnetic field that in turn drives the spin dynamics. We find that the Larmor oscillation frequency scales with the condensate density, enabling external tuning of this effect by optical means. The stability of the system allows for the realization of integrated optical magnetometry devices with the use of materials with enhanced exciton ggg-factor and can facilitate spin squeezing effects and active coherent control on the Bloch sphere in polariton condensates.
Interferometric measurements of an optically trapped exciton-polariton condensate reveal a regime where the condensate pseudo-spin precesses persistently within the driving optical pulse. For a single 20 μs optical pulse, the condensate pseudo-spin undergoes over 10^{5} full precessions with striking frequency stability. The emergence of the precession is traced to polariton nonlinear interactions that give rise to a self-induced out-of-plane magnetic field, which in turn drives the system spin dynamics. The Larmor precession frequency and trajectory are directly influenced by the condensate density, enabling the control of this effect with optical means. Our results accentuate the system's potential for the realization of magnetometry devices and can lead to the emergence of spin-squeezed polariton condensates.
Abstract The insensitivity of photons towards external magnetic fields forms one of the hardest barriers against efficient magneto-optical control, aiming at modulating the polarization state of light. However, there is even scarcer evidence of magneto-optical effects that can spatially modulate light. Here, we demonstrate the latter by exploiting strongly coupled states of semimagnetic matter and light in planar semiconductor microcavities. We nonresonantly excite two spatially adjacent exciton-polariton condensates which, through inherent ballistic near field coupling mechanism, spontaneously synchronise into a dissipative quantum fluidic supermode of definite parity. Applying a magnetic field along the optical axis, we continuously adjust the light-matter composition of the condensate exciton-polaritons, inducing a supermode switch into a higher order mode of opposite parity. Our findings set the ground towards magnetic spatial modulation of nonlinear light.
We demonstrate mutual synchronization of Larmor precessions between spatially separated, optically trapped polariton condensates. We identify the cross-condensate correlation g(2)1,2(τ) as a sensitive metric for condensate coupling. Synchronization of precessions in a condensate dimer is mediated by polariton outflow and resonantly depends on spectral overlap and precession winding. All-optical stirring of one site non-locally increases the pseudo-spin dephasing time of its static neighbor, prolonging phase-locking in a dimer by an order of magnitude. Our work establishes a scalable platform for studying non-equilibrium time-periodically driven systems and for high-speed spinoptronic networks.
Microcavity polariton spin dynamics is investigated in high-finesse microcavities under resonant excitation using polarization- and time-resolved secondary emission spectroscopy. Using an appropriate calibration procedure, the instantaneous polariton occupation numbers of the modes with $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\approx}\mathbf{0}$ wave vectors can be determined. When the phase-matching conditions are achieved, we show that Coulomb scattering dominates the other processes, and that stimulation occurs when the occupation of the $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\approx}\mathbf{0}$ final state with a given mode polarization approaches unity. Under elliptically polarized light, we show that the stimulated polariton scattering leads to an increase with time of the circular polarization of the $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\approx}\mathbf{0}$ states, while the linear polarization dynamics is characterized first by a fast drop to negative or zero values immediately after the excitation pulse, followed by weak-amplitude nonperiodic oscillations. The latter are interpreted as the manifestation of the pseudospin precession of the pumped polariton modes around the self-induced exchange effective field.