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arXiv:2003.10103 · Physical Review A

Suppressing decoherence in quantum plasmonic systems by the spectral-hole-burning effect

Jia-Bin You, Xiao Xiong, Ping Bai, Zhang‐Kai Zhou, Wan-Li Yang, Ching Eng Png, L. C. Kwek, Lin Wu

Published May 18, 2021• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum plasmonic systems suffer from significant decoherence due to the intrinsically large dissipative and radiative dampings. Based on our quantum simulations $via$ a quantum tensor network algorithm, we numerically demonstrate the mitigation of this restrictive drawback by hybridizing a plasmonic nanocavity with an emitter ensemble with inhomogeneously broadened transition frequencies. By burning two narrow spectral holes in the spectral density of the emitter ensemble, the coherent time of Rabi oscillation for the hybrid system is increased tenfold. With the suppressed decoherence, we move one step further in bringing plasmonic systems into practical quantum applications.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.103.053517

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Quantum plasmonic systems suffer from significant decoherence due to the intrinsically large dissipative and radiative dampings. Based on our quantum simulations viaviavia a quantum tensor network algorithm, we numerically demonstrate the mitigation of this restrictive drawback by hybridizing a plasmonic nanocavity with an emitter ensemble with inhomogeneously broadened transition frequencies. By burning two narrow spectral holes in the spectral density of the emitter ensemble, the coherent time of Rabi oscillation for the hybrid system is increased tenfold. With the suppressed decoherence, we move one step further in bringing plasmonic systems into practical quantum applications.
Spin ensemble based hybrid quantum systems suffer from a significant degree of decoherence resulting from the inhomogeneous broadening of the spin transition frequencies in the ensemble. We demonstrate that this strongly restrictive drawback can be overcome simply by burning two narrow spectral holes in the spin spectral density at judiciously chosen frequencies. Using this procedure we find an increase of the coherence time by more than an order of magnitude as compared to the case without hole burning. Our findings pave the way for the practical use of these hybrid quantum systems for the processing of quantum information.
Significant decoherence of the plasmon-emitter (i.e., plexcitonic) strong coupling systems hinders the progress towards their applications in quantum technology due to the unavoidable lossy nature of the plasmons. Inspired by the concept of spectral-hole-burning (SHB) for frequency-selective bleaching of the emitter ensemble, we propose 'cavity SHB' by introducing cavity modes with moderate quality factors to the plexcitonic system to boost its coherence. We show that the detuning of the introduced cavity mode with respect to the original plexcitonic system, which defines the location of the cavity SHB, is the most critical parameter. Simultaneously introducing two cavity modes of opposite detunings, the excited-state population of the emitter can be enhanced by 4.5 orders of magnitude within 300 fs, and the attenuation of the emitter's population can be slowed down by about 56 times. This theoretical proposal provides a new approach of cavity engineering to enhance the plasmon-emitter strong coupling systems' coherence, which is important for realistic hybrid-cavity design for applications in quantum technology.
Rabi oscillations with a decay time of 26.7 μs are observed in a system comprising the electron spins in a diamond nitrogen–vacancy centre and a superconducting microwave cavity. Such oscillations are achieved by engineering the spectral hole burning of the spin ensemble. Spectral hole burning, used in inhomogeneously broadened emitters, is a well-established optical1 technique, with applications from spectroscopy to slow light2 and frequency combs3. In microwave photonics4, electron spin ensembles5,6 are candidates for use as quantum memories7 with potentially long storage times8. Here, we demonstrate long-lived collective dark states9 by spectral hole burning in the microwave regime10. The coherence time in our hybrid quantum system (nitrogen–vacancy centres strongly coupled to a superconducting microwave cavity) becomes longer than both the ensemble's free-induction decay and the bare cavity dissipation rate. The hybrid quantum system thus performs better than its individual subcomponents. This opens the way for long-lived quantum multimode memories, solid-state microwave frequency combs, spin squeezed states11, optical-to-microwave quantum transducers12 and novel metamaterials13. Beyond these, new cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments will be possible where spin–spin interactions and many-body phenomena14 are directly accessible.
Abstract In the light–matter strong coupling regime, the excited state of quantum emitters is inextricably linked to a photonic mode, leading to hybrid states that are part light and part matter. Recently, there has been a huge effort to realize strong coupling with nanoplasmonics, since it provides a versatile environment to study and control molecules in ambient conditions. Among the most promising designs are plasmonic nanocavities that confine light to unprecedentedly small volumes. Such nanocavities, though, support multiple types of modes, with different field profiles and radiative decay rates (bright and dark modes). Here, we show theoretically that the different nature of these modes leads to mode beating within the nanocavity and the Rabi oscillations, which alters the spatiotemporal dynamics of the hybrid system. By specifically designing the illumination setup, we decompose and control the dark and bright plasmon mode excitation and therefore their coupling with quantum emitters. Hence, this work opens new routes for dynamically dressing emitters, to tailor their hybrid states with external radiation.
Using a scattered field interference mechanism, we theoretically demonstrate the quantum statistics control with a hybrid system comprised of a quantum emitter and a plasmonic multimode nanocavity. Enhanced through multimode interactions, destructive interference between scattered fields from the emitter and nanocavity is able to change the photon statistics from bunching to antibunching. This transition cannot be explained by treating the plasmonic nanocavity in the dipole approximation. In some specific regions, an effective single-mode model, which is equivalent to the multimode model, is derived by simply shifting the transition frequency and modifying decay rates of the nearby quantum emitter. Superior to the closed optical microcavity, this hybrid system can be used to control the photon statistics without the need for strong coupling, and may find applications in nanoscale refractive index sensing.
The design and preparation of quantum states free from environmental decohering effects is critically important in the development of on-chip quantum systems with robustness. One promising strategy is to harness quantum state superposition to construct decoherence-free subspace (DFS), which is termed dark state. Typically, the excitation of dark states relies on anti-phase-matching on two qubits and the inter-qubit distance is of wavelength scale, which limits the development of compact quantum chips. In this work, we propose a hybrid plasmonic quantum emitter composed of strongly correlated quantum emitters intermediated by a plasmonic nanocavity. Through turning the plasmonic loss from drawback into advantage, we break the anti-phase-matching rule by rapidly decaying the superposed bright state and preparing a sub-100 nm dark state with decay rate reduced by 3 orders of magnitudes. More interestingly, the dark state can be optically switched to a single-photon emitter with enhanced brightness through photon-blockade, with the quantum second order correlation function at zero delay showing a wide range of tunability down to 0.02.