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Chip

Photoswitchable quantum electrodynamics in a hybrid plasmonic quantum emitter

Yuan Liu, Hongwei Zhou, Peng Xue, Linhan Lin, Hong‐Bo Sun

Published Aug 2, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The design and preparation of quantum states free from environmental decohering effects is critically important in the development of on-chip quantum systems with robustness. One promising strategy is to harness quantum state superposition to construct decoherence-free subspace (DFS), which is termed dark state. Typically, the excitation of dark states relies on anti-phase-matching on two qubits and the inter-qubit distance is of wavelength scale, which limits the development of compact quantum chips. In this work, we propose a hybrid plasmonic quantum emitter composed of strongly correlated quantum emitters intermediated by a plasmonic nanocavity. Through turning the plasmonic loss from drawback into advantage, we break the anti-phase-matching rule by rapidly decaying the superposed bright state and preparing a sub-100 nm dark state with decay rate reduced by 3 orders of magnitudes. More interestingly, the dark state can be optically switched to a single-photon emitter with enhanced brightness through photon-blockade, with the quantum second order correlation function at zero delay showing a wide range of tunability down to 0.02.

DOI
10.1016/j.chip.2023.100060

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The design and preparation of quantum states free from environmental decohering effects is critically important in the development of on-chip quantum systems with robustness. One promising strategy is to harness quantum state superposition to construct decoherence-free subspace (DFS), which is termed dark state. Typically, the excitation of dark states relies on anti-phase-matching on two qubits and the inter-qubit distance is of wavelength scale, which limits the development of compact quantum chips. In this work, we propose a hybrid plasmonic quantum emitter composed of strongly correlated quantum emitters intermediated by a plasmonic nanocavity. Through turning the plasmonic loss from drawback into advantage, we break the anti-phase-matching rule by rapidly decaying the superposed bright state and preparing a sub-100 nm dark state with decay rate reduced by 3 orders of magnitudes. More interestingly, the dark state can be optically switched to a single-photon emitter with enhanced brightness through photon-blockade, with the quantum second order correlation function at zero delay showing a wide range of tunability down to 0.02.
Abstract In the light–matter strong coupling regime, the excited state of quantum emitters is inextricably linked to a photonic mode, leading to hybrid states that are part light and part matter. Recently, there has been a huge effort to realize strong coupling with nanoplasmonics, since it provides a versatile environment to study and control molecules in ambient conditions. Among the most promising designs are plasmonic nanocavities that confine light to unprecedentedly small volumes. Such nanocavities, though, support multiple types of modes, with different field profiles and radiative decay rates (bright and dark modes). Here, we show theoretically that the different nature of these modes leads to mode beating within the nanocavity and the Rabi oscillations, which alters the spatiotemporal dynamics of the hybrid system. By specifically designing the illumination setup, we decompose and control the dark and bright plasmon mode excitation and therefore their coupling with quantum emitters. Hence, this work opens new routes for dynamically dressing emitters, to tailor their hybrid states with external radiation.
Hybridization of quantum emitters and plasmonic nanostructures has attracted much attention over the last years, due to their potential use as plasmon-based nanolasersor to achieve long-range quantum bit entanglement. Recent theoretical studies suggest that the plasmonic field can induce efficient cross-talking between emitters and lead to the formation of collective superradiant states. In this thesis, we developed a theoretical modelable to analyse collective effects in large ensemble of dipoles coupled by an electromagnetic nanoresonator. We experimentally investigated the plasmon-mediated superradiance of organic emitters grafted at a well-controlled distance from a metal nanosphere at room temperature. We report on the measured decay rates of these hybrid structures at the ensemble and single object levels. We find that the decay rate increases i) with the number ofemitters and ii) as the spacing between the emitters and the metal core decreases, a direct and clear evidence of plasmonic superradiance. This trend was observed for two types of hybrid structures, differing both by the size of the metal core and the type of organic dye used as emitter. The observation of plasmonic superradiance at room temperature opens questions about the robustness of these collective states against decoherence mechanisms.This robustness is of major interest for potential applications of quantum systems at room temperature.
Superradiance plasmonique dans des nanohybrides métallo-diélectriques Hybridization of quantum emitters and plasmonic nanostructures has attracted much attention over the last years, due to their potential use as plasmon-based nanolasersor to achieve long-range quantum bit entanglement. Recent theoretical studies suggest that the plasmonic field can induce efficient cross-talking between emitters and lead to the formation of collective superradiant states. In this thesis, we developed a theoretical modelable to analyse collective effects in large ensemble of dipoles coupled by an electromagnetic nanoresonator. We experimentally investigated the plasmon-mediated superradiance of organic emitters grafted at a well-controlled distance from a metal nanosphere at room temperature. We report on the measured decay rates of these hybrid structures at the ensemble and single object levels. We find that the decay rate increases i) with the number ofemitters and ii) as the spacing between the emitters and the metal core decreases, a direct and clear evidence of plasmonic superradiance. This trend was observed for two types of hybrid structures, differing both by the size of the metal core and the type of organic dye used as emitter. The observation of plasmonic superradiance at room temperature opens questions about the robustness of these collective states against decoherence mechanisms.This robustness is of major interest for potential applications of quantum systems at room temperature.
Using a scattered field interference mechanism, we theoretically demonstrate the quantum statistics control with a hybrid system comprised of a quantum emitter and a plasmonic multimode nanocavity. Enhanced through multimode interactions, destructive interference between scattered fields from the emitter and nanocavity is able to change the photon statistics from bunching to antibunching. This transition cannot be explained by treating the plasmonic nanocavity in the dipole approximation. In some specific regions, an effective single-mode model, which is equivalent to the multimode model, is derived by simply shifting the transition frequency and modifying decay rates of the nearby quantum emitter. Superior to the closed optical microcavity, this hybrid system can be used to control the photon statistics without the need for strong coupling, and may find applications in nanoscale refractive index sensing.
This study investigates multipartite entanglement in quantum emitter (QE) systems coupled to a two-dimensional hyperbolic surface (TDHS). Within the master equation framework, which distinguishes the contributions of surface plasmon field (SPF) with different spatial modes, we demonstrate that both the collective decay coefficients and the in-plane emission pattern of the emitters are strongly governed by the polarization of the transition dipole. Numerical analysis further reveals that the TDHS functions as a planar plasmonic waveguide supporting both reciprocal and nonreciprocal inter-emitter interactions. Building on these intriguing properties, we analyze the dynamics of spontaneously generated entanglement (SGE) in tripartite and quadripartite systems under various interaction configurations. Our results show that in certain two-dimensional geometries, strong nonreciprocal interactions enhance global entanglement compared with one-dimensional arrangements. Notably, the rhombic configuration supports destructive interference that suppresses on-site decay and drives the system into dark states with steady entanglement. Moreover, for systems initialized in mixed states, entanglement generation relies mainly on reciprocal interactions and shows only weak dependence on the interaction geometry. These findings provide a versatile route for engineering multipartite entanglement in TDHS-based plasmonic architectures, with promising applications in quantum information processing and integrated photonic devices.
Plasmonic superradiance originates from the plasmon mediated strong correlation that builds up between dipolar emitters coupled to a metal nanoparticle. This leads to a fast burst of emission so that plasmonic superradiance constitutes ultrafast and extremely bright optical nanosources of strong interest for integrated quantum nano-optics platforms. We elucidate the superradiance effect by establishing the dynamics of the system, including all features such as the orientation of the dipoles, their distance to the particle, and the number of active plasmon modes. We determine an optimal configuration for Purcell enhanced superradiance. We also show superradiance blockade at small distances.