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arXiv:2003.05717 · Physical Review A

Pairing superbunching with compounded nonlinearity in a resonant transition

G. Mouloudakis, P. Lambropoulos

Published Aug 20, 2020• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Through a quantitative analysis of an atomic transition driven strongly by quantized electromagnetic fields of various quantum states, we explore the role of quantum fluctuations on the behavior of the system. The emphasis is on fields with super-Poissonian statistics manifested in photon bunching, with the case of squeezed vacuum radiation serving as a prototype of superbunching. When combined with nonlinear coupling of the resonant states, bunching and superbunching lead to counterintuitive behavior. The connection to recent progress in squeezed vacuum sources and the opportunity for experimental investigation, as well as challenging open theoretical problems, are also outlined. In yet another context, the possibility of exploring related effects in strongly driven Auger resonances by FEL radiation is discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.102.023713

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Through a quantitative analysis of an atomic transition driven strongly by quantized electromagnetic fields of various quantum states, we explore the role of quantum fluctuations on the behavior of the system. The emphasis is on fields with super-Poissonian statistics manifested in photon bunching, with the case of squeezed vacuum radiation serving as a prototype of superbunching. When combined with nonlinear coupling of the resonant states, bunching and superbunching lead to counterintuitive behavior. The connection to recent progress in squeezed vacuum sources and the opportunity for experimental investigation, as well as challenging open theoretical problems, are also outlined. In yet another context, the possibility of exploring related effects in strongly driven Auger resonances by FEL radiation is discussed.
In this paper, we extend the results of an earlier paper [G. Mouloudakis and P. Lambropoulos, Phys. Rev. A 97, 053413 (2018)] in which we had demonstrated the limitations of the notion of nonresonant multiphoton ionization, in the exploration of photon statistics effects in nonlinear processes. Through the quantitative analysis of specific realistic processes, we provide the connection to conditions of intensity and pulse duration necessary in relevant experiments, including a recent seminal experiment demonstrating the effect of superbunching found in squeezed radiation. The outlook for a future era of studies on the interplay between stochasticity and nonlinearity in transitions driven by electromagnetic radiation is also discussed.
We analyze the nonequilibrium behavior of driven nonlinear photonic resonator arrays under the selective excitation of specific photonic many-body modes. Targeting the unit-filled ground state, we find a counterintuitive ``superbunching'' in the emitted photon statistics in spite of relatively strong on-site repulsive interaction. We consider resonator arrays with Kerr nonlinearities described by the Bose-Hubbard model, but also show that an analogous effect is observable in near-future experiments coupling resonators to two-level systems as described by the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard Hamiltonian. For the experimentally accessible case of a pair of coupled resonators forming a photonic molecule, we provide an analytical explanation for the nature of the effect.
Abstract We investigate the quantum statistical and squeezing properties of radiation generated by a coherently driven three-level laser system coupled to a squeezed vacuum reservoir. The analysis is carried out using c-number Langevin equations for normally ordered operator moments, allowing a transparent description of the interplay among atomic coherence, coherent driving, and reservoir-induced correlations. We show that significant quadrature squeezing can be achieved under appropriate conditions, with the degree of squeezing strongly influenced by the linear gain coefficient of the squeezed-vacuum reservoir, the strength of the coherent driving, and the initial atomic preparation. In particular, we find that maximal initial atomic coherence alone does not lead to squeezing in the absence of coherent driving, highlighting the essential role of phase-sensitive amplification. The results further reveal a shift of optimal squeezing toward lower values of the atomic coherence parameter and higher values of the driving strength as the gain and reservoir squeezing increase. In addition, we demonstrate the coexistence of strong quadrature squeezing with super-Poissonian photon statistics, reflecting the distinct roles of phase-sensitive and intensity fluctuations. The squeezing spectrum is also analyzed to provide frequency-resolved insight into noise suppression, directly relevant to homodyne-detection measurements. These findings clarify the trade-off between coherent excitation, which enhances phase-sensitive correlations, and photon population growth, which tends to increase intensity fluctuations, and they highlight parameter regimes where strong nonclassical effects can be realized under parameter regimes consistent with experimentally demonstrated cavity-QED and squeezed-light implementations.
Superradiance, i.e., spontaneous emission of coherent radiation by an ensemble of two-level atoms in collective states introduced by Dicke in 1954, is one of the enigmatic problems of quantum optics. The startling gist is that even though the atoms have no dipole moment they radiate with increased intensity in particular directions. Following the advances in our understanding of superradiant emission by atoms in entangled W-states we examine the quantum statistical properties of superradiance. Such investigations require the system to have at least two excitations in order to explore the photon-photon correlations of the radiation emitted by such states. We present specifically results for the spatially resolved photon-photon correlations of systems prepared in doubly excited W-states and give conditions when the atomic system emits nonclassial light. Equally, we derive the conditions for the occurrence of bunching and even of superbunching, a rare phenomenon otherwise known only from nonclassical states of light like the squeezed vacuum. We finally investigate the photon-photon cross correlations of the spontaneously scattered light and highlight the nonclassicalty of such correlations. The theoretical findings can be implemented with current technology, e.g., using ions in a linear rf-trap, atoms in an optical lattice or quantum dots in a cavity.
We analyse the effects of the external coherent radiation and squeezed input on a two-level atom placed in a cavity applying the corresponding master equation. We study the atomic dynamics as well as the squeezing and statistical properties of the cavity radiation by analytically solving the associated differential equations. It is found that the atom stays in the lower energy level more often at steady state irrespective of the strength of the coherent and squeezed input. However, a strong external coherent radiation splits the line of the emission spectrum, whereas the squeezing broadens the width and significantly decreases the height of the spectrum. It is also found that the emitted radiation exhibits photon anti-bunching, super-Poissonian photon statistics and squeezing.