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arXiv:1912.01287

Atom interferometry using temporal Talbot effect on a Bose-Einstein condensate

Jay Mangaonkar, Chetan Vishwakarma, S. Sagar Maurya, Sumit Sarkar, Jamie MacLennan, Dutta, Pranab, Umakant D. Rapol

Published Dec 3, 2019• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We experimentally investigate a uniform pulse sequence in which atom interference is realized using the temporal matter-wave Talbot effect in an atom-optic kicked rotor system. Multi-path interference is obtained in asymmetric configuration with momentum differences up to $\pm$14 $\hbar k$, by virtue of Talbot resonance. We experimentally confirm the theoretical limit placed on the performance of this interferometer by the finite momentum distribution of the initial ensemble consisting of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). This limitation on sensitivity, occurring due to the degradation of resonant dynamics is also important in the realization of a one-dimensional continuous-time quantum walk in the implementation of quantum search algorithms.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1912.01287

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We experimentally investigate a uniform pulse sequence in which atom interference is realized using the temporal matter-wave Talbot effect in an atom-optic kicked rotor system. Multi-path interference is obtained in asymmetric configuration with momentum differences up to ±\pm±14 ℏk\hbar kℏk, by virtue of Talbot resonance. We experimentally confirm the theoretical limit placed on the performance of this interferometer by the finite momentum distribution of the initial ensemble consisting of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). This limitation on sensitivity, occurring due to the degradation of resonant dynamics is also important in the realization of a one-dimensional continuous-time quantum walk in the implementation of quantum search algorithms.
We investigate an atom interferometer in which large momentum differences between the arms are obtained by using quantum resonances in the atom-optics $\ensuremath{\delta}$-kicked rotor. The interferometer can potentially measure the Talbot time (from which h/mh/mh/m can be deduced) and the local gravitational field or can serve as a narrow velocity filter. We present an analytical analysis in the short pulse limit and a numerical investigation for finite pulse durations. The sensitivity of the interferometer is improved by a moderate violation of the short pulse limit. Remarkably simple relations predict the optimal pulse duration and the sensitivity of the interferometer.
The Talbot interferometer, as a periodic reproduction of momentum distribution in the time domain, finds significant applications in multiple research. The interparticle interactions during the diffraction and interference process introduce numerous many-body physics problems, leading to unconventional interference characteristics. This work investigates both experimentally and theoretically the influence of interaction in a Talbot interferometer with a 6Li2^{6}\mathrm{Li}_{2}6Li2​ molecular Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional optical lattice, with interaction strength directly tunable via magnetic Feshbach resonance. A clear dependence of the period and amplitude of signal revivals on the interaction strength can be observed. While interactions increase the decay rate of the signal and advance the revivals, we find that over a wide range of interactions, the Talbot interferometer remains highly effective over a certain evolutionary timescale, including the case of fractional Talbot interference. This work provides insight into the interplay between interaction and the coherence properties of a temporal Talbot interference in optical lattices, paving the way for research into quantum interference in strongly interacting systems.
We have observed high-order quantum resonances in a realization of the quantum delta-kicked rotor, using Bose-condensed Na atoms subjected to a pulsed standing wave of laser light. These resonances occur for pulse intervals that are rational fractions of the Talbot time, and are characterized by ballistic momentum transfer to the atoms. The condensate's narrow momentum distribution not only permits the observation of the quantum resonances at 3/4 and 1/3 of the Talbot time, but also allows us to study scaling laws for the resonance width in quasimomentum and pulse interval.
We report the experimental observation of rectified momentum transport for a Bose-Einstein condensate kicked at the Talbot time (quantum resonance) by an optical standing wave. Atoms are initially prepared in a superposition of the 0 and -2hkl momentum states using an optical pi/2 pulse. By changing the relative phase of the superposed states, a momentum current in either direction along the standing wave may be produced. We offer an interpretation based on matter-wave interference, showing that the observed effect is uniquely quantum.
We report measurements of the early-time momentum diffusion for the atom-optical delta-kicked rotor. In this experiment a Bose-Einstein condensate provides a source of ultracold atoms with an ultranarrow initial momentum distribution, which is then subjected to periodic pulses (or "kicks") using an intense far-detuned optical standing wave. We characterize the effect of varying the effective Planck's constant for the system, while keeping all other parameters fixed. The observed behavior includes both quantum resonances (ballistic energy growth) and antiresonances (re-establishment of the initial state). Our experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions.
In this thesis, we study the diffraction processes of a Bose-Einstein condensate of 87Rb atoms and outline our progress toward the realisation of an atom laser. The experiments are carried out with a condensate that is produced ‘all-optically’; this is covered in the first part of the thesis. For our diffraction processes, we expose the condensate to an intense, pulsed optical standing wave. We perform mean energy measurements and interpret our results with two different theories: one treating the condensed atoms as particles, the other focusing on the atoms’ wave properties. The first interpretation requires knowledge of the theoretical background of the atom-optics -kicked rotor (AOKR); in our experiments, we focus on the resonances in the early-time behaviour of the kicked atoms. The second interpretation retrieves an observation of the temporal Talbot effect—the atomic analogue to the optical Talbot effect. From this point of view, the full resonances represent the integer Talbot effect, whereas the early-time behaviour corresponds to the observation of the fractional Talbot effect. We find for both theoretical interpretations an excellent qualitative agreement between our experimental results and the results of our computer simulation of the AOKR. Furthermore, we outline our future work on the realisation of an atom laser as a tool for coherence measurements of the condensate via atom-counting statistics. In this context, the most current progress in our laboratory is given. We aim for a Bragg-scattering process of our condensate as a modified version of our prospective outcoupling technique for the atom laser; this process is modelled in a semi-classical approach, and our first experimental implementations are presented.