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arXiv:0706.1627 · Physical Review Letters

Rectified Momentum Transport for a Kicked Bose-Einstein Condensate

Mark Sadgrove, Munekazu Horikoshi, Tetsuo Sekimura, Kenichi Nakagawa

Published Jul 25, 2007• 105 citations
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Abstract

We report the experimental observation of rectified momentum transport for a Bose-Einstein condensate kicked at the Talbot time (quantum resonance) by an optical standing wave. Atoms are initially prepared in a superposition of the 0 and -2hkl momentum states using an optical pi/2 pulse. By changing the relative phase of the superposed states, a momentum current in either direction along the standing wave may be produced. We offer an interpretation based on matter-wave interference, showing that the observed effect is uniquely quantum.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.99.043002

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We report the experimental observation of rectified momentum transport for a Bose-Einstein condensate kicked at the Talbot time (quantum resonance) by an optical standing wave. Atoms are initially prepared in a superposition of the 0 and -2hkl momentum states using an optical pi/2 pulse. By changing the relative phase of the superposed states, a momentum current in either direction along the standing wave may be produced. We offer an interpretation based on matter-wave interference, showing that the observed effect is uniquely quantum.
We have observed high-order quantum resonances in a realization of the quantum delta-kicked rotor, using Bose-condensed Na atoms subjected to a pulsed standing wave of laser light. These resonances occur for pulse intervals that are rational fractions of the Talbot time, and are characterized by ballistic momentum transfer to the atoms. The condensate's narrow momentum distribution not only permits the observation of the quantum resonances at 3/4 and 1/3 of the Talbot time, but also allows us to study scaling laws for the resonance width in quasimomentum and pulse interval.
We report measurements of the early-time momentum diffusion for the atom-optical delta-kicked rotor. In this experiment a Bose-Einstein condensate provides a source of ultracold atoms with an ultranarrow initial momentum distribution, which is then subjected to periodic pulses (or "kicks") using an intense far-detuned optical standing wave. We characterize the effect of varying the effective Planck's constant for the system, while keeping all other parameters fixed. The observed behavior includes both quantum resonances (ballistic energy growth) and antiresonances (re-establishment of the initial state). Our experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions.
We experimentally investigate a uniform pulse sequence in which atom interference is realized using the temporal matter-wave Talbot effect in an atom-optic kicked rotor system. Multi-path interference is obtained in asymmetric configuration with momentum differences up to $\pm$14 ℏk\hbar kℏk, by virtue of Talbot resonance. We experimentally confirm the theoretical limit placed on the performance of this interferometer by the finite momentum distribution of the initial ensemble consisting of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). This limitation on sensitivity, occurring due to the degradation of resonant dynamics is also important in the realization of a one-dimensional continuous-time quantum walk in the implementation of quantum search algorithms.
We experimentally investigate the atom-optical $\ensuremath{\delta}$-kicked harmonic oscillator for the case of nonlinearity due to collisional interactions present in a Bose-Einstein condensate. A Bose condensate of rubidium atoms tightly confined in a static harmonic magnetic trap is exposed to a one-dimensional optical standing-wave potential that is pulsed on periodically. We focus on the quantum antiresonance case for which the classical periodic behavior is simple and well understood. We show that after a small number of kicks the dynamics are dominated by dephasing of matter wave interference due to the finite width of the condensate's initial momentum distribution. In addition, we demonstrate that the nonlinear mean-field interaction in a typical harmonically confined Bose condensate is not sufficient to give rise to chaotic behavior.
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