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arXiv:1911.12971 · Physical Review A

Efficient linear optical generation of a multipartite W state via a quantum eraser

Yong‐Su Kim, Young‐Wook Cho, Hyang‐Tag Lim, Sang-Wook Han

Published Feb 28, 2020• 25 citations
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Abstract

Entanglement among multiple particles is a keystone for not only fundamental research on quantum information but also various practical quantum information applications. In particular, the $W$ state has attracted a lot of attention due to the robustness against particle loss and the applications in multiparty quantum communication. However, it is challenging to generate a photonic $W$ state with a large number of photons, since the $N$-photon $W$ state requires superposition among $N$ probability amplitudes. In this paper, we propose an efficient linear optical scheme to generate $N$-photon $W$ states via quantum erasure. The success probability of our protocol polynomially decreases as the number of photons increases. We also discuss the experimental feasibility of our protocol and anticipate that one can efficiently generate tens of photonic $W$ states with our scheme using currently available quantum photonics technologies.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.022337

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Entanglement among multiple particles is a keystone for not only fundamental research on quantum information but also various practical quantum information applications. In particular, the WWW state has attracted a lot of attention due to the robustness against particle loss and the applications in multiparty quantum communication. However, it is challenging to generate a photonic WWW state with a large number of photons, since the NNN-photon WWW state requires superposition among NNN probability amplitudes. In this paper, we propose an efficient linear optical scheme to generate NNN-photon WWW states via quantum erasure. The success probability of our protocol polynomially decreases as the number of photons increases. We also discuss the experimental feasibility of our protocol and anticipate that one can efficiently generate tens of photonic WWW states with our scheme using currently available quantum photonics technologies.
A scheme is presented for generation of a multipartite WWW state for an arbitrary number of qubits. Based on a recent proposal of entanglement without touching, it serves to demonstrate the potential of particle indistinguishability as a useful resource of entanglement for practical applications. The devised scheme is efficient in design, meaning that it is built with linear optics without the need for auxiliary particles nor measurements. Yet, the success probability is shown to be highly competitive compared with the existing proposals (i.e., decreases polynomially with the number of qubits) and remains insensitive to particle statistics (i.e., has the same efficiency for bosons and fermions).
A simple experimental scheme is proposed to generate a three-photon entangled WWW state and a genuine four-photon entangled state $|{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{00}⟩$ that has many interesting entanglement properties and possible applications in quantum information processing. These multipartite entangled states can be generated with a certain success probability. We show that even when the quantum efficiency of the detector is $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.75$, the success probability can reach $2.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for WWW-state production and $3.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ for $|{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{00}⟩$-state production. The scheme is based only on simple linear optical elements and conventional photon detectors, which greatly decrease the experimental difficulty of implementing linear optical quantum computation.
How to create entanglement is an important problem in quantum information processing. In this paper, we propose an experimental scheme to generate multi-photon W state using c-path gate and merging gate introduced in the former works. Compared with the other linear optical schemes, our scheme is deterministic without post-selection, and then there is no probabilistic problem and no limitation on the use of W state. Moreover, the required resources for generation grow linearly with the number of involved photons, which is obviously better than the polynomial growth with the traditional circuit-based quantum computation. This scheme is deterministic, suitability, and efficient, so it is feasible and suitable for large-scale quantum information processing.
We present efficient protocols for creating multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) and W states of distant stationary qubits. The system nonuniformity and/or the non-ideal single-photon scattering usually limit the performance of entanglement creation, and result in the decrease of the fidelity and the efficiency in practical quantum information processing. By using linear optical elements, errors caused by the system nonuniformity and non-ideal photon scattering can be converted into heralded loss in our protocols. Thus, the fidelity of generated multipartite entangled states keeps unchanged and only the efficiency decreases. The GHZ state of distant stationary qubits is created in a parallel way that its generation efficiency considerably increases. In the protocol for creating the W state of N distant stationary qubits, an input single photon is prepared in a superposition state and sent into N paths parallelly. We use the two-spatial-mode interferences to eliminate the "which path" single-photon scattering "knowledge". As a result, the efficiency of creating the N-qubit W state is independent of the number of stationary qubits rather than exponentially decreases.
We propose a novel linear optical scheme to generate a three-photon W state, which is based on postselection of final outcome events. The success probability of our proposal has been improved to be 21/32, higher than that of the previous methods using the linear optical system. We also discuss the effects of realistic photon resources on its experimental realization and compare our scheme with the nonlinear optical approach to the three-photon W state generation. The idea of our proposal suggests a new way to improve the generation efficiency of some other entangled states and may have a promising application.
Multipartite entanglement is an essential quantum resource for various distributed quantum applications. One promising method for preparing multipartite entanglement is to interfere independent photons at linear optical interference setups. While heralding the successful interference and thereby the state generation is often costly, postselecting entangled states provides an achievable alternative in this framework. We introduce a family of interference schemes for postselecting symmetric qudit Dicke states, useful resources in quantum communication and variational quantum computing. We present schemes with and without ancillary photons and show that using ancillary photons can exceed the upper bound on the success probability of schemes without ancillary photons. Our results accommodate a wide range of linear optical schemes, providing multiple viable approaches for postselecting Dicke states.