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arXiv:1911.08932 · Physical Review A

Sub-shot-noise-limited fiber-optic quantum receiver

Michael Shcherbatenko, Mikhail S. Elezov, Gregory N Gol'tsman, Сыч Денис Васильевич

Published Mar 5, 2020• 31 citations
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Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate a quantum receiver based on the Kennedy scheme for discrimination between two phase-modulated weak coherent states. The receiver is assembled entirely from standard fiber-optic elements and operates at a conventional telecom wavelength of 1.55 $\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$. The local oscillator and the signal are transmitted through different optical fibers, and the displaced signal is measured with a high-efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. We show the discrimination error rate is two times below that of a shot-noise-limited receiver with the same system detection efficiency.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.032306

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We experimentally demonstrate a quantum receiver based on the Kennedy scheme for discrimination between two phase-modulated weak coherent states. The receiver is assembled entirely from standard fiber-optic elements and operates at a conventional telecom wavelength of 1.55 \ensuremathμm\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}\ensuremathμm. The local oscillator and the signal are transmitted through different optical fibers, and the displaced signal is measured with a high-efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. We show the discrimination error rate is two times below that of a shot-noise-limited receiver with the same system detection efficiency.
Discrimination of coherent states beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL) is an important task not only for quantum information processing but also for optical coherent communication. To optimize long-distance optical fiber networks, it is of practical importance to develop a quantum receiver beating the SQL and approaching the quantum bound at telecom wavelength. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a receiver beating the conventional SQL at telecom wavelength. Our receiver is composed of a displacement operation, a single-photon counter, and a real-time adaptive-feedback operation. By using a high-performance single-photon detector operating at the telecom wavelength, we achieve a discrimination error beyond the SQL. The demonstration in the telecom band is an enabler for quantum and classical communication beyond the SQL using a coherent state alphabet, and we envision that the technology can be used for long-distance quantum-key distribution, effective quantum-state preparation, and quantum estimation.
Discrimination of coherent states beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL) is an important task not only for quantum information processing but also for optical coherent communication. To optimize long-distance optical fiber networks, it is of practical importance to develop a quantum receiver beating the SQL and approaching the quantum bound at telecom wavelength. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a receiver beating the conventional SQL at telecom wavelength. Our receiver is composed of a displacement operation, a single-photon counter, and a real-time adaptive-feedback operation. By using a high-performance single-photon detector operating at the telecom wavelength, we achieve a discrimination error beyond the SQL. The demonstration in the telecom band is an enabler for quantum and classical communication beyond the SQL using a coherent state alphabet, and we envision that the technology can be used for long-distance quantum-key distribution, effective quantum-state preparation, and quantum estimation.
Optimal and near-optimal quantum receivers can beat the homodyne limit of discriminating two nonorthogonal coherent states. In particular, the near-optimal receiver proposed by Kennedy is promising for optical communication because of its simple setup. Moreover, Takeoka and Sasaki showed one can further improve the performance of the Kennedy receiver by the optimized displacement operation which was experimentally examined by Wittmann et al. for binary phase shift keyed signals. However, the ideal homodyne limit was not beaten in this experiment because they used a commercially available photon detector based on a silicon avalanche photodiode, which does not have sufficient photon detection efficiency.
We demonstrate a sub-shot-noise-limit discrimination of on-off keyed coherent signals by an optimal displacement quantum receiver in which a superconducting transition edge sensor is installed. Use of a transition edge sensor and a fiber beam splitter realizes high total detection efficiency and high interference visibility of the receiver and the observed average error surpasses the shot-noise-limit in a wider range of the signal power. Our technique opens up a new technology for the sub-shot-noise-limit detection of coherent signals in optical communication channels.
Achievement of the ultimate sensitivity along with a high spectral resolution is one of the frequently addressed problems, as the complication of the applied and fundamental scientific tasks being explored is growing up gradually. In our work, we have investigated performance of a superconducting nanowire photon-counting detector operating in the coherent mode for detection of weak signals at the telecommunication wavelength. Quantum-noise limited sensitivity of the detector was ensured by the nature of the photon-counting detection and restricted by the quantum efficiency of the detector only. Spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique and was defined by the linewidth and stability of the Local Oscillator (LO). Response bandwidth was found to coincide with the detector’s pulse width, which, in turn, could be controlled by the nanowire length. In addition, the system noise bandwidth was shown to be governed by the electronics/lab equipment, and the detector noise bandwidth is predicted to depend on its jitter. As have been demonstrated, a very small amount of the LO power (of the order of a few picowatts down to hundreds of femtowatts) was required for sufficient detection of the test signal, and eventual optimization could lead to further reduction of the LO power required, which would perfectly suit for the foreseen development of receiver matrices and the need for detection of ultra-low signals at a level of less-than-one-photon per second.