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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Experimental demonstration of near-optimal quantum receiver using a superconducting transition edge sensor

K. Tsujino, Daiji Fukuda, Go Fujii, Masahiro Takeoka, M. Fujiwra, Shuichiro Inoue, Masahide Sasaki

Published Jun 1, 2009• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Optimal and near-optimal quantum receivers can beat the homodyne limit of discriminating two nonorthogonal coherent states. In particular, the near-optimal receiver proposed by Kennedy is promising for optical communication because of its simple setup. Moreover, Takeoka and Sasaki showed one can further improve the performance of the Kennedy receiver by the optimized displacement operation which was experimentally examined by Wittmann et al. for binary phase shift keyed signals. However, the ideal homodyne limit was not beaten in this experiment because they used a commercially available photon detector based on a silicon avalanche photodiode, which does not have sufficient photon detection efficiency.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2009.5192706

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Optimal and near-optimal quantum receivers can beat the homodyne limit of discriminating two nonorthogonal coherent states. In particular, the near-optimal receiver proposed by Kennedy is promising for optical communication because of its simple setup. Moreover, Takeoka and Sasaki showed one can further improve the performance of the Kennedy receiver by the optimized displacement operation which was experimentally examined by Wittmann et al. for binary phase shift keyed signals. However, the ideal homodyne limit was not beaten in this experiment because they used a commercially available photon detector based on a silicon avalanche photodiode, which does not have sufficient photon detection efficiency.
We demonstrate a sub-shot-noise-limit discrimination of on-off keyed coherent signals by an optimal displacement quantum receiver in which a superconducting transition edge sensor is installed. Use of a transition edge sensor and a fiber beam splitter realizes high total detection efficiency and high interference visibility of the receiver and the observed average error surpasses the shot-noise-limit in a wider range of the signal power. Our technique opens up a new technology for the sub-shot-noise-limit detection of coherent signals in optical communication channels.
We propose a near-optimum receiver for the discrimination of binary phase-shift-keyed coherent states employing photon-number-resolving detectors. The receiver exploits a discrimination strategy based on both so-called homodyne-like and direct detection, thus resulting in a hybrid scheme. We analyze the performance and robustness of the proposed scheme under realistic conditions, namely, in the presence of inefficient detection and dark counts. We show that the present hybrid setup is near- optimum and beats both the standard quantum limit and the performance of the Kennedy receiver.
We experimentally demonstrate a quantum receiver based on the Kennedy scheme for discrimination between two phase-modulated weak coherent states. The receiver is assembled entirely from standard fiber-optic elements and operates at a conventional telecom wavelength of 1.55 $\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$. The local oscillator and the signal are transmitted through different optical fibers, and the displaced signal is measured with a high-efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. We show the discrimination error rate is two times below that of a shot-noise-limited receiver with the same system detection efficiency.