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arXiv:1910.10741 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Ultracold quantum wires with localized losses: Many-body quantum Zeno effect

Heinrich Fröml, Christopher Muckel, Corinna Kollath, Alessio Chiocchetta, Sebastian Diehl

Published Apr 1, 2020• 75 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The effect of localized loss on a one-dimensional gas of interacting fermions is investigated. Here, the interplay of gapless quantum fluctuations and particle interactions strongly renormalizes the dissipative impurity. As a result, the loss probability for modes close to the Fermi energy vanishes for arbitrary strength of the dissipation, as a many-body incarnation of the quantum Zeno effect. This is reflected in the shape of the particle momentum distribution, exhibiting a peak close to the Fermi momentum.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.101.144301

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The effect of localized loss on a one-dimensional gas of interacting fermions is investigated. Here, the interplay of gapless quantum fluctuations and particle interactions strongly renormalizes the dissipative impurity. As a result, the loss probability for modes close to the Fermi energy vanishes for arbitrary strength of the dissipation, as a many-body incarnation of the quantum Zeno effect. This is reflected in the shape of the particle momentum distribution, exhibiting a peak close to the Fermi momentum.
An isolated quantum gas with a localized loss features a nonmonotonic behavior of the particle loss rate as an incarnation of the quantum Zeno effect, as recently shown in experiments with cold atomic gases. While this effect can be understood in terms of local, microscopic physics, we show that novel many-body effects emerge when nonlinear gapless quantum fluctuations become important. To this end, we investigate the effect of a local dissipative impurity on a one-dimensional gas of interacting fermions. We show that the escape probability for modes close to the Fermi energy vanishes for an arbitrary strength of the dissipation. In addition, transport properties across the impurity are qualitatively modified, similarly to the Kane-Fisher barrier problem. We substantiate these findings using both a microscopic model of spinless fermions and a Luttinger liquid description.
The interplay between measurement and quantum correlations in many-body systems can lead to novel types of collective phenomena which are not accessible in isolated systems.In this work, we merge the Zeno paradigm of quantum measurement theory with the concept of polarons in condensed-matter physics.The resulting quantum-Zeno Fermi polaron is a quasiparticle which emerges for lossy impurities interacting with a quantum-degenerate bath of fermions.For loss rates of the order of the impurity-fermion binding energy, the quasiparticle is short lived.However, we show that in the strongly dissipative regime of large loss rates a long-lived polaron branch reemerges.This quantum-Zeno Fermi polaron originates from the nontrivial interplay between the Fermi surface and the surface of the momentum region forbidden by the quantum-Zeno projection.The situation we consider here is realized naturally for polaritonic impurities in charge-tunable semiconductors and can be also implemented using dressed atomic states in ultracold gases.
The interplay between measurement and quantum correlations in many-body systems can lead to novel types of collective phenomena which are not accessible in isolated systems. In this work, we merge the Zeno paradigm of quantum measurement theory with the concept of polarons in condensed-matter physics. The resulting quantum-Zeno Fermi polaron is a quasiparticle which emerges for lossy impurities interacting with a quantum-degenerate bath of fermions. For loss rates of the order of the impurity-fermion binding energy, the quasiparticle is short lived. However, we show that in the strongly dissipative regime of large loss rates a long-lived polaron branch reemerges. This quantum-Zeno Fermi polaron originates from the nontrivial interplay between the Fermi surface and the surface of the momentum region forbidden by the quantum-Zeno projection. The situation we consider here is realized naturally for polaritonic impurities in charge-tunable semiconductors and can be also implemented using dressed atomic states in ultracold gases.
We investigate the transport properties of a quantum wire of weakly interacting fermions in the presence of local particle loss. We calculate current and conductance in this system due to applied external chemical potential bias that can be measured in experimental realizations of ultracold fermions in quasi one-dimensional traps. Using a Keldysh field theory approach based on the Lindblad equation, we establish a perturbative scheme to study the effect of imbalanced reservoirs. Logarithmically divergent terms are resummed using a renormalization group method, and a novel powerlaw behavior for the conductance as a function of the potential bias across the wire is found. In contrast to the equilibrium case of a potential barrier in a Luttinger liquid, the conductance exhibits a scaling behavior, which depends on the interaction strength and on the loss probability. Repulsive interactions reduce the conductance of the wire while attractive interactions enhance it. However, perfect reflectivity and transparency are only reached in the absence of particle loss. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Abstract Motivated by the recent experiments on engineering localized losses in quantum gases, we study the dynamics of interacting bosons in a two-dimensional optical lattice with local dissipation. Together with the Gutzwiller mean-field theory for density matrices and Lindblad master equation, we show how the onsite interaction between bosons affects the particle loss for various strengths of dissipation. For moderate dissipation, the trend in particle loss differs significantly near the superfluid-Mott boundary than the deep superfluid regime. While the loss is suppressed for stronger dissipation in the deep superfluid regime, revealing the typical quantum Zeno effect, the loss near the phase boundary shows non-monotonic dependence on the dissipation strength. We furthermore show that close to the phase boundary, the long-time dissipative dynamics is different from the deep superfluid regime. Thus the loss of particle due to dissipation may act as a probe to differentiate strongly-correlated superfluid regime from its weakly-correlated counterpart.