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arXiv:1809.09085 · Physical Review Letters

Fluctuation-Induced Quantum Zeno Effect

Heinrich Fröml, Alessio Chiocchetta, Corinna Kollath, Sebastian Diehl

Published Feb 1, 2019• 95 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

An isolated quantum gas with a localized loss features a nonmonotonic behavior of the particle loss rate as an incarnation of the quantum Zeno effect, as recently shown in experiments with cold atomic gases. While this effect can be understood in terms of local, microscopic physics, we show that novel many-body effects emerge when nonlinear gapless quantum fluctuations become important. To this end, we investigate the effect of a local dissipative impurity on a one-dimensional gas of interacting fermions. We show that the escape probability for modes close to the Fermi energy vanishes for an arbitrary strength of the dissipation. In addition, transport properties across the impurity are qualitatively modified, similarly to the Kane-Fisher barrier problem. We substantiate these findings using both a microscopic model of spinless fermions and a Luttinger liquid description.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.122.040402

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An isolated quantum gas with a localized loss features a nonmonotonic behavior of the particle loss rate as an incarnation of the quantum Zeno effect, as recently shown in experiments with cold atomic gases. While this effect can be understood in terms of local, microscopic physics, we show that novel many-body effects emerge when nonlinear gapless quantum fluctuations become important. To this end, we investigate the effect of a local dissipative impurity on a one-dimensional gas of interacting fermions. We show that the escape probability for modes close to the Fermi energy vanishes for an arbitrary strength of the dissipation. In addition, transport properties across the impurity are qualitatively modified, similarly to the Kane-Fisher barrier problem. We substantiate these findings using both a microscopic model of spinless fermions and a Luttinger liquid description.
The effect of localized loss on a one-dimensional gas of interacting fermions is investigated. Here, the interplay of gapless quantum fluctuations and particle interactions strongly renormalizes the dissipative impurity. As a result, the loss probability for modes close to the Fermi energy vanishes for arbitrary strength of the dissipation, as a many-body incarnation of the quantum Zeno effect. This is reflected in the shape of the particle momentum distribution, exhibiting a peak close to the Fermi momentum.
We investigate the transport properties of a quantum wire of weakly interacting fermions in the presence of local particle loss. We calculate current and conductance in this system due to applied external chemical potential bias that can be measured in experimental realizations of ultracold fermions in quasi one-dimensional traps. Using a Keldysh field theory approach based on the Lindblad equation, we establish a perturbative scheme to study the effect of imbalanced reservoirs. Logarithmically divergent terms are resummed using a renormalization group method, and a novel powerlaw behavior for the conductance as a function of the potential bias across the wire is found. In contrast to the equilibrium case of a potential barrier in a Luttinger liquid, the conductance exhibits a scaling behavior, which depends on the interaction strength and on the loss probability. Repulsive interactions reduce the conductance of the wire while attractive interactions enhance it. However, perfect reflectivity and transparency are only reached in the absence of particle loss. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
The interplay between measurement and quantum correlations in many-body systems can lead to novel types of collective phenomena which are not accessible in isolated systems.In this work, we merge the Zeno paradigm of quantum measurement theory with the concept of polarons in condensed-matter physics.The resulting quantum-Zeno Fermi polaron is a quasiparticle which emerges for lossy impurities interacting with a quantum-degenerate bath of fermions.For loss rates of the order of the impurity-fermion binding energy, the quasiparticle is short lived.However, we show that in the strongly dissipative regime of large loss rates a long-lived polaron branch reemerges.This quantum-Zeno Fermi polaron originates from the nontrivial interplay between the Fermi surface and the surface of the momentum region forbidden by the quantum-Zeno projection.The situation we consider here is realized naturally for polaritonic impurities in charge-tunable semiconductors and can be also implemented using dressed atomic states in ultracold gases.
The interplay between measurement and quantum correlations in many-body systems can lead to novel types of collective phenomena which are not accessible in isolated systems. In this work, we merge the Zeno paradigm of quantum measurement theory with the concept of polarons in condensed-matter physics. The resulting quantum-Zeno Fermi polaron is a quasiparticle which emerges for lossy impurities interacting with a quantum-degenerate bath of fermions. For loss rates of the order of the impurity-fermion binding energy, the quasiparticle is short lived. However, we show that in the strongly dissipative regime of large loss rates a long-lived polaron branch reemerges. This quantum-Zeno Fermi polaron originates from the nontrivial interplay between the Fermi surface and the surface of the momentum region forbidden by the quantum-Zeno projection. The situation we consider here is realized naturally for polaritonic impurities in charge-tunable semiconductors and can be also implemented using dressed atomic states in ultracold gases.
The quantum physics of one dimensional systems exhibits many remarkable and exotic physical phenomena. These are the result of the strong correlations which exist in such systems due to the reduced dimensionality and in many cases can be described by Luttinger Liquid theory. Likewise quantum impurity systems, where a bath of particles couples to the same impurity, exhibit well known non perturbative phenomena like the Kondo effect. In this thesis we study the physics of quantum impurities in interacting environments - the intersection of these two areas. Such Luttinger-impurity systems can be realized experimentally in a range of different settings from quantum wires and carbon nano tubes to edges of fractional quantum hall systems and cold atom gases. We show that many of the models used to describe these experiments are integrable and can be studied by means of the Bethe Ansatz. This powerful and exact method provides us with the exact eigenstates and energy levels of the model Hamiltonian. The models considered include two which describe a Lutttinger liquid coupled to a back scattering impurity, the Kane-Fisher and weak tunnelling model as well as Luttinger liquids coupled a quantum dot in various geometries: at the boundary, sidecoupled and embedded. To incorporate both the backscattering nature of the impurities and the interacting bulk particles a new formulation of the Bethe Ansatz is developed and implemented. The eigenstates and spectra of the models are found and used to investigate their ground state and thermodynamic properties.
Abstract Motivated by the recent experiments on engineering localized losses in quantum gases, we study the dynamics of interacting bosons in a two-dimensional optical lattice with local dissipation. Together with the Gutzwiller mean-field theory for density matrices and Lindblad master equation, we show how the onsite interaction between bosons affects the particle loss for various strengths of dissipation. For moderate dissipation, the trend in particle loss differs significantly near the superfluid-Mott boundary than the deep superfluid regime. While the loss is suppressed for stronger dissipation in the deep superfluid regime, revealing the typical quantum Zeno effect, the loss near the phase boundary shows non-monotonic dependence on the dissipation strength. We furthermore show that close to the phase boundary, the long-time dissipative dynamics is different from the deep superfluid regime. Thus the loss of particle due to dissipation may act as a probe to differentiate strongly-correlated superfluid regime from its weakly-correlated counterpart.