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arXiv:1808.06505 · New Journal of Physics

Interacting bosons in two-dimensional lattices with localized dissipation

Arko Roy, Kush Saha

Published Oct 1, 2019• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Motivated by the recent experiments on engineering localized losses in quantum gases, we study the dynamics of interacting bosons in a two-dimensional optical lattice with local dissipation. Together with the Gutzwiller mean-field theory for density matrices and Lindblad master equation, we show how the onsite interaction between bosons affects the particle loss for various strengths of dissipation. For moderate dissipation, the trend in particle loss differs significantly near the superfluid-Mott boundary than the deep superfluid regime. While the loss is suppressed for stronger dissipation in the deep superfluid regime, revealing the typical quantum Zeno effect, the loss near the phase boundary shows non-monotonic dependence on the dissipation strength. We furthermore show that close to the phase boundary, the long-time dissipative dynamics is different from the deep superfluid regime. Thus the loss of particle due to dissipation may act as a probe to differentiate strongly-correlated superfluid regime from its weakly-correlated counterpart.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/ab4da0

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Abstract Motivated by the recent experiments on engineering localized losses in quantum gases, we study the dynamics of interacting bosons in a two-dimensional optical lattice with local dissipation. Together with the Gutzwiller mean-field theory for density matrices and Lindblad master equation, we show how the onsite interaction between bosons affects the particle loss for various strengths of dissipation. For moderate dissipation, the trend in particle loss differs significantly near the superfluid-Mott boundary than the deep superfluid regime. While the loss is suppressed for stronger dissipation in the deep superfluid regime, revealing the typical quantum Zeno effect, the loss near the phase boundary shows non-monotonic dependence on the dissipation strength. We furthermore show that close to the phase boundary, the long-time dissipative dynamics is different from the deep superfluid regime. Thus the loss of particle due to dissipation may act as a probe to differentiate strongly-correlated superfluid regime from its weakly-correlated counterpart.
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We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of interacting bosons on a two-dimensional Hubbard lattice in the strongly interacting regime, taking into account the dynamics of condensate amplitude as well as the direct transport of noncondensed fluctuations. To that end we develop a self-consistent density-matrix approach which goes beyond the standard Gutzwiller mean-field theory. Starting from the Liouville-von-Neumann equation we derive a quantum master equation for the time evolution of the system's local density matrix at each lattice site, with a dynamical bath that represents the rest of the system. We apply this method to the expansion dynamics of an initially prepared cloud of interacting bosons in an optical lattice. We observe a ballistic expansion of the condensate, as expected, followed by slow, diffusive transport of the normal bosons. We discuss, in particular, the robustness of the Mott insulator phase as well as its melting due to incoherent transport. The method should be applicable to various models of lattice bosons in the strongly correlated regime.
We consider strong two-body losses in bosonic gases trapped in one-dimensional optical lattices. We exploit the separation of timescales typical of a system in the many-body quantum Zeno regime to establish a connection with the theory of the time-dependent generalized Gibbs ensemble. Our main result is a simple set of rate equations that capture the simultaneous action of coherent evolution and two-body losses. This treatment gives an accurate description of the dynamics of a gas prepared in a Mott insulating state and shows that its long-time behavior deviates significantly from mean-field analyses. The possibility of observing our predictions in an experiment with 174Yb^{174}\mathrm{Yb}174Yb in a metastable state is also discussed.
The quantum dynamics of interacting bosons in a one-dimensional (1D) system is investigated numerically. We consider dissipative and conservative two-particle interactions, and integrate the master equation describing the system dynamics via a time-evolving block-decimation (TEBD) algorithm. Our numerical simulations directly apply to stationary-light polaritons in systems where atoms and photons are confined to the hollow core of a photonic crystal fibre. We show that a two-particle loss term can drive an initially uncorrelated state into a regime where correlations effectively inhibit the dissipation of particles. The correlations induced by two-particle losses are compared with those generated by an elastic repulsion. For the considered time range, we find a similar behaviour in local density–density correlations but we find differences in non-local correlations.
We observe the dissipative dynamics of a dense, strongly interacting gas of bosonic atom pairs in an optical lattice, controlling the strength of the two-body interactions over a wide parameter regime. We study how three-body losses contribute to the lattice dynamics, addressing a number of open questions related to the effects of strong dissipation in a many-body system, including the relationship to the continuous quantum Zeno effect. We observe rapid break-up of bound pairs for weak interactions, and for stronger interactions we see doublon decay rates that are asymmetric when changing from attractive and repulsive interactions and which strongly depend on the interactions and on-site loss rates. By comparing our experimental data with a theoretical analysis of few-body dynamics, we show that these features originate from a nontrivial combination of dissipative dynamics described by a lattice model beyond a standard Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, and the modification of three-atom dynamics on a single site, which is generated alongside strong three-body loss. Our results open new possibilities for investigating bosonic atoms with strong three-body loss features and allow for the better understanding of the parameter regimes that are required to realize strong effective three-body interactions.
We study the superfluid-to-Mott-insulator transition of a mixture of heavy bosons and light fermions loaded in an optical lattice. We focus on the effect of the light fermions on the dynamics of the heavy bosons. It is shown that when the lattice potential is sufficiently deep to confine the bosons to one dimension but allow the fermions to freely move in three dimensions (i.e., a mixed-dimensionality lattice), the fermions act as an ohmic bath for bosons, leading to screening and dissipation effects on the bosons. Using a perturbative renormalization-group analysis, it is shown that the fermion-induced dissipative effects have no appreciable impact on the transition from the superfluid-to-Mott-insulator state at integer filling. On the other hand, dissipative effects are found to be very important in the half-filled case near the critical point. In this case, in the presence of a finite incommensurability that destabilizes the Mott phase, the bosons can still be localized by virtue of dissipative effects.