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arXiv:1910.09641 · Physical Review X

Prospects of Forming High-Spin Polar Molecules from Ultracold Atoms

Matthew D. Frye, Simon L. Cornish, Jeremy M. Hutson

Published Oct 7, 2020• 15 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate Feshbach resonances in collisions of high-spin atoms such as Er and Dy with closed-shell atoms such as Sr and Yb, using coupled-channel scattering and bound-state calculations.We consider both low-anisotropy and high-anisotropy limits.In both regimes, we find many resonances with a wide variety of widths.The wider resonances are suitable for tuning interatomic interactions, while some of the narrower resonances are highly suitable for magnetoassociation to form high-spin molecules.These molecules might be transferred to short-range states, where they would have large magnetic moments and electric dipole moments that can be induced with very low electric fields.The results offer the opportunity to study mixed quantum gases where one species is dipolar and the other is not and open up important prospects for a new field of ultracold high-spin polar molecules.

DOI
10.1103/physrevx.10.041005

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We investigate Feshbach resonances in collisions of high-spin atoms such as Er and Dy with closed-shell atoms such as Sr and Yb, using coupled-channel scattering and bound-state calculations.We consider both low-anisotropy and high-anisotropy limits.In both regimes, we find many resonances with a wide variety of widths.The wider resonances are suitable for tuning interatomic interactions, while some of the narrower resonances are highly suitable for magnetoassociation to form high-spin molecules.These molecules might be transferred to short-range states, where they would have large magnetic moments and electric dipole moments that can be induced with very low electric fields.The results offer the opportunity to study mixed quantum gases where one species is dipolar and the other is not and open up important prospects for a new field of ultracold high-spin polar molecules.
We investigate the interactions between ultracold alkali-metal atoms and closed-shell atoms using electronic structure calculations on the prototype system Rb+Sr. There are molecular bound states that can be tuned across atomic thresholds with a magnetic field and previously neglected terms in the collision Hamiltonian that can produce zero-energy Feshbach resonances with significant widths. The largest effect comes from the interaction-induced variation of the Rb hyperfine coupling. The resonances may be used to form paramagnetic polar molecules if the magnetic field can be controlled precisely enough.
We explore the feasibility of producing ultracold diatomic molecules with nonzero electric and magnetic dipole moments by magnetically associating two atoms, one with zero electron spin and one with nonzero spin. Feshbach resonances arise through the dependence of the hyperfine coupling on internuclear distance. We survey the Feshbach resonances in diatomic systems combining the nine stable alkali-metal isotopes with those of Yb, focusing on the illustrative examples of RbYb and CsYb. We show that the resonance widths may expressed as a product of physically comprehensible terms in the framework of Fermi's golden rule. The resonance widths depend strongly on the background scattering length, which may be adjusted by selecting the Yb isotope, and on the hyperfine coupling constant and the magnetic field. In favorable cases the resonances may be over 100 mG wide.
We investigate interactions and ultracold collisions of high-spin but spherical atoms with closed-shell atoms, focusing on the example of Cr with Yb. Such a combination has only one potential energy curve but gives rise to a substantial intra-atomic spin–spin interaction, which causes Feshbach resonances due to rotationally excited states. We find such resonances are guaranteed below 250 G and can reach widths of tens of G in favorable circumstances. We study the effect of hyperfine structure, which can create additional wide resonances at low fields. Finally, we consider isotopic substitution and show that for any realistic potential it is very likely that at least one combination of commonly used isotopes will have resonances with experimentally favorable properties. Thus, this is a promising system for both molecule formation and studying quantum mixtures including dipolar species. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We explore the anisotropic nature of Feshbach resonances in the collision between ultracold highly magnetic submerged-shell dysprosium atoms in their energetically lowest magnetic sublevel, which can only occur due to couplings to rotating bound states. This is in contrast to well-studied alkali-metal atom collisions, where broadest (strongest) Feshbach resonances are hyperfine induced and due to rotationless bound states. Our first-principle coupled-channel calculation of the collisions between these spin-polarized bosonic dysprosium atoms reveals a strong interplay between the anisotropies in the dispersion and magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. The former anisotropy is absent in alkali-metal and chromium collisions. We show that both types of anisotropy significantly affect the Feshbach spectrum as a function of an external magnetic field. Effects of the electrostatic quadrupole-quadrupole interaction are small. Over a 20 mT magnetic field range, we predict about 10 Feshbach resonances and show that the resonance locations depend on the dysprosium isotope.
We investigate magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances between ultracold europium atoms and between europium and alkali-metal atoms using multichannel quantum scattering calculations. For ultracold gases of europium atoms both homonuclear 153Eu+153Eu^{153}\mathrm{Eu}+^{153}\mathrm{Eu}153Eu+153Eu and heteronuclear 151Eu+153Eu^{151}\mathrm{Eu}+^{153}\mathrm{Eu}151Eu+153Eu systems are studied. Calculations for mixtures of europium and alkali-metal atoms are carried out for prototype systems of 153Eu+87Rb^{153}\mathrm{Eu}+^{87}\mathrm{Rb}153Eu+87Rb and 153Eu+7Li^{153}\mathrm{Eu}+^{7}\mathrm{Li}153Eu+7Li. We analyze the prospects for the control of scattering properties, observation of quantum chaotic behavior, and magnetoassociation into ultracold polar and paramagnetic molecules. We show that favorable resonances can be expected at experimentally feasible magnetic-field strengths below 1000G1000\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}1000G for all investigated atomic combinations. For Eu atoms, a rich spectrum of resonances is expected as a result of the competition between relatively weak short-range spin-exchange and strong long-range magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, where the dipolar interaction induces measurable resonances. A high density of resonances is expected at magnetic-field strengths below 200G200\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}200G without pronounced quantum chaos signatures. The present results may be useful for the realization and application of dipolar atomic and molecular quantum gases based on europium atoms in many-body physics.
Magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances for polar paramagnetic ground-state diatomics are too narrow to allow for magnetoassociation starting from trapped, ultracold atoms. We show that nonresonant light can be used to engineer the Feshbach resonances in their position and width. For nonresonant field intensities of the order of 10(9) W/cm(2), we find the width to be increased by 3 orders of magnitude, reaching a few Gauss. This opens the way for producing ultracold molecules with sizable electric and magnetic dipole moments and thus for many-body quantum simulations with such particles.