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arXiv:2401.15350 · Physical Review Research

Spin–spin interaction and magnetic Feshbach resonances in collisions of high-spin atoms with closed-shell atoms

Matthew D. Frye, Piotr Szymon Żuchowski, Michał Tomza

Published Jun 6, 2024• 2 citations
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Abstract

We investigate interactions and ultracold collisions of high-spin but spherical atoms with closed-shell atoms, focusing on the example of Cr with Yb. Such a combination has only one potential energy curve but gives rise to a substantial intra-atomic spin–spin interaction, which causes Feshbach resonances due to rotationally excited states. We find such resonances are guaranteed below 250 G and can reach widths of tens of G in favorable circumstances. We study the effect of hyperfine structure, which can create additional wide resonances at low fields. Finally, we consider isotopic substitution and show that for any realistic potential it is very likely that at least one combination of commonly used isotopes will have resonances with experimentally favorable properties. Thus, this is a promising system for both molecule formation and studying quantum mixtures including dipolar species. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.6.023254

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We investigate interactions and ultracold collisions of high-spin but spherical atoms with closed-shell atoms, focusing on the example of Cr with Yb. Such a combination has only one potential energy curve but gives rise to a substantial intra-atomic spin–spin interaction, which causes Feshbach resonances due to rotationally excited states. We find such resonances are guaranteed below 250 G and can reach widths of tens of G in favorable circumstances. We study the effect of hyperfine structure, which can create additional wide resonances at low fields. Finally, we consider isotopic substitution and show that for any realistic potential it is very likely that at least one combination of commonly used isotopes will have resonances with experimentally favorable properties. Thus, this is a promising system for both molecule formation and studying quantum mixtures including dipolar species. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
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We investigate magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions between ground-state Yb and Cs atoms, using coupled-channel calculations based on an interaction potential recently determined from photoassociation spectroscopy. We predict resonance positions and widths for all stable isotopes of Yb, together with resonance decay parameters where appropriate. The resonance patterns are richer and more complicated for fermionic Yb than for spin-zero isotopes, because there are additional level splittings and couplings due to scalar and tensorial Yb hyperfine interactions. We examine collisions involving Cs atoms in a variety of hyperfine states and identify resonances that appear most promising for experimental observation and for magnetoassociation to form ultracold CsYb molecules.
Magnetic Feshbach resonances play a central role in experimental research on atomic gases at ultracold temperatures, as they allow one to control the microscopic interactions between ultracold atoms by tuning an applied magnetic field. These resonances arise due to strong hyperfine interactions between the unpaired electron and the nuclear magnetic moment of the alkali metal atoms. A major thrust of current research is to create an ultracold gas of diatomic alkali metal molecules in the ground rovibrational state of the ground electronic ${}^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ state. Unlike alkali metal atoms, ${}^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ diatomic molecules have no unpaired electrons. However, the hyperfine interactions of molecules may give rise to magnetic Feshbach resonances. We use quantum scattering calculations to study the possible width of these resonances. Our results show that the widths of magnetic Feshbach resonances in ultracold molecule-molecule collisions for ${}^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ molecules may exceed 1 mG, rendering such resonances experimentally detectable. We hope that this work will stimulate the experimental search of these resonances.
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We explore the feasibility of producing ultracold diatomic molecules with nonzero electric and magnetic dipole moments by magnetically associating two atoms, one with zero electron spin and one with nonzero spin. Feshbach resonances arise through the dependence of the hyperfine coupling on internuclear distance. We survey the Feshbach resonances in diatomic systems combining the nine stable alkali-metal isotopes with those of Yb, focusing on the illustrative examples of RbYb and CsYb. We show that the resonance widths may expressed as a product of physically comprehensible terms in the framework of Fermi's golden rule. The resonance widths depend strongly on the background scattering length, which may be adjusted by selecting the Yb isotope, and on the hyperfine coupling constant and the magnetic field. In favorable cases the resonances may be over 100 mG wide.
Magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances exist in ultracold collisions between atoms in 2S^{2}\mathrm{S}2S and 3P0{}^{3}{\mathrm{P}}_{0}3P0​ states, such as an alkali-metal atom colliding with Yb or Sr in a clock state. We investigate the mechanisms of these resonances and identify the terms in the collision Hamiltonian responsible for them. They involve indirect coupling between the open and closed channels, via intermediate channels involving atoms in 3P1{}^{3}{\mathrm{P}}_{1}3P1​ states. The resonance widths are generally proportional to the square of the magnetic field and are strongly enhanced when the magnitude of the background scattering length is large. For any given pair of atoms, the scattering length can be tuned discretely by choosing different isotopes of the 3P0{}^{3}{\mathrm{P}}_{0}3P0​ atom. For each combination of an alkali-metal atom and either Yb or Sr, we consider the prospects of finding an isotopic combination that has both a large background scattering length and resonances at a high but experimentally accessible field. We conclude that 87Rb+Yb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}+\mathrm{Yb}87Rb+Yb, Cs+Yb\mathrm{Cs}+\mathrm{Yb}Cs+Yb, and 85Rb+Sr^{85}\mathrm{Rb}+\mathrm{Sr}85Rb+Sr are particularly promising combinations.