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arXiv:1908.08693 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

η -paired superconducting hidden phase in photodoped Mott insulators

Jiajun Li, Denis Golež, Philipp Werner, Martin Eckstein

Published Oct 20, 2020• 64 citations
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Abstract

We show that a metastable $\ensuremath{\eta}$-pairing superconducting phase can be induced by photodoping doublons and holes into a strongly repulsive fermionic Hubbard model. The doublon-hole condensate originates from an intrinsic doublon-hole exchange interaction and does not rely on the symmetry of the half-filled Hubbard model. It extends over a wide range of doublon densities and effective temperatures. Different nonequilibrium protocols to realize this state are proposed and numerically tested. We also study the optical conductivity in the superconducting phase, which exhibits ideal metallic behavior, i.e., a delta function at zero frequency in the conductivity, in conjunction with a negative conductivity at large frequencies. These characteristic optical properties can provide a fingerprint of the $\ensuremath{\eta}$-pairing phase in pump-probe experiments.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.102.165136

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arXiv:cond-mat/0006401•Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Dec 13, 2001•64 citations
We show that a metastable \ensuremathη\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremathη-pairing superconducting phase can be induced by photodoping doublons and holes into a strongly repulsive fermionic Hubbard model. The doublon-hole condensate originates from an intrinsic doublon-hole exchange interaction and does not rely on the symmetry of the half-filled Hubbard model. It extends over a wide range of doublon densities and effective temperatures. Different nonequilibrium protocols to realize this state are proposed and numerically tested. We also study the optical conductivity in the superconducting phase, which exhibits ideal metallic behavior, i.e., a delta function at zero frequency in the conductivity, in conjunction with a negative conductivity at large frequencies. These characteristic optical properties can provide a fingerprint of the \ensuremathη\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremathη-pairing phase in pump-probe experiments.
Ultrafast laser pulses can redistribute charges in Mott insulators on extremely short time scales, leading to the fast generation of photocarriers. It has recently been demonstrated that these photocarriers can form a novel η-paired condensate at low temperatures, featuring a staggered superconducting pairing field. In this conference paper, we discuss the origin of the η-paired hidden phase and its optical response, which may be detected in a pump-probe experiment. The hidden phase may be relevant for possible light-induced superconductivity in Mott insulators.
High-temperature ηηη-pairing superconductivity in the photodoped Hubbard model
We investigate superconductivity emerging in the photodoped Mott insulating Hubbard model using steady-state dynamical mean-field theory implemented on the real-frequency axis. By employing high-order strong-coupling impurity solvers, we obtain the nonequilibrium phase diagram for photoinduced ηηη-pairing superconductivity with a remarkably high effective critical temperature. We further identify a superconducting gap in the momentum-resolved spectral function and optical conductivity, providing spectroscopic signatures accessible to experiments. Our results highlight a route to a controllable form of high-temperature superconductivity in nonequilibrium strongly correlated systems, fundamentally distinct from the equilibrium sss-wave pairing state in the attractive Hubbard model or cuprate-like ddd-wave superconductors.
ηηη-pairing in metallic and particle-hole asymmetric systems
Light-induced superconducting-like states have been reported in several classes of correlated materials. From a theoretical point of view, the induction of ηηη-pairing is a promising route to nonthermal superconductivity. Numerical studies of photo-doped Mott systems revealed ηηη-pairing states with very high effective critical temperatures. These investigations were however restricted to particle-hole symmetric states in large-gap Mott insulators, while the experiments were performed on strongly correlated metallic systems. It is thus relevant to explore if ηηη-pairing also exists in non-particle-hole symmetric setups and in photo-excited metallic states. Here we use steady-state nonequilibrium dynamical mean field theory combined with a strong-coupling impurity solver up to third order to investigate this issue. We find that in the strongly correlated regime with large Mott gap, and for low effective doublon and holon temperatures, ηηη-pairing is robust against changes in the total filling and an imbalance in the doublon and holon density. An asymmetry in the effective doublon and holon temperatures can however strongly suppress the order parameter. In photo-doped metallic systems with a three-peak structure in the local density of states, ηηη-pairing can be realized in set-ups with positive doublon and holon temperatures and a population inversion in the low-energy quasi-particle band.
Ultrafast laser pulses can redistribute charges in Mott insulators on extremely short time scales, leading to the fast generation of photocarriers. It has recently been demonstrated that these photocarriers can form a novel [Formula: see text]-paired condensate at low temperatures, featuring a staggered superconducting pairing field. In this conference paper, we discuss the origin of the [Formula: see text]-paired hidden phase and its optical response, which may be detected in a pump-probe experiment. The hidden phase may be relevant for possible light-induced superconductivity in Mott insulators.
We demonstrate the existence of an unconventional pairing state in photodoped Mott insulators on ladder and quasi-two-dimensional geometries, characterized by quasi-long-range doublon-holon correlations that signal Mott exciton condensation. The doublon-holon pairing exhibits correlations of ddd-wave-like symmetry, reminiscent of superconducting pairing in chemically doped Mott insulators. By constructing the phase diagram, using density matrix renormalization group, we reveal that the doublon-holon pairing state in the photodoped ladder emerges between the spin-singlet, charge-density-wave, and ηηη-pairing phases. Our study suggests that the interplay of charge, spin, and ηηη-spin degrees of freedom can give rise to exotic quantum many-body states in photodoped Mott insulators.
The ground-state phase diagram of the one-dimensional Hubbard chain with pair-hopping interaction is studied. The analysis of the model is performed using the continuum-limit field theory approach and exact diagonalization studies. At half-filling the phase diagram is shown to consist of two superconducting states with Cooper-pair center-of-mass momentum $Q=0 (\mathrm{BCS}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{0}$ phase) and $Q=\ensuremath{\pi} ({\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ phase) and four insulating phases corresponding to the Mott antiferromagnet, the Peierls dimerized phase, the charge-density-wave (CDW) insulator, and an unconventional insulating phase characterized by the coexistence of a CDW and a bond-located staggered magnetization. Away from half-filling the phase diagram consists of the superconducting $\mathrm{BCS}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ phases and the metallic Luttinger-liquid phase. The $\mathrm{BCS}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{0}$ phase exhibits a smooth crossover from a weak-coupling BCS type to a strong-coupling local-pair regime. The ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ phase shows the properties of the doublon (zero-size Cooper-pair) superconductor with Cooper-pair center-of-mass momentum $Q=\ensuremath{\pi}.$ The transition into the ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$-paired state corresponds to an abrupt change in the ground-state structure. After the transition the conduction band is completely destroyed and a new ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$-pair band, corresponding to the strongly correlated doublon motion, is created.