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arXiv:1902.02003 · Chinese Physics B

Spatiotemporal Bloch states of a spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate in an optical lattice*

Ya-Wen Wei, Chao Kong, Wenhua Hai

Published May 1, 2019• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract We study the spatiotemporal Bloch states of a high-frequency driven two-component Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in an optical lattice. By adopting the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) and applying an exact trial-solution to the corresponding quasistationary system, we establish a different method for tuning SOC via external field such that the existence conditions of the exact particular solutions are fitted. Several novel features related to the exact states are demonstrated; for example, SOC leads to spin–motion entanglement for the spatiotemporal Bloch states, SOC increases the population imbalance of the two-component BEC, and SOC can be applied to manipulate the stable atomic flow which is conducive to control quantum transport of the BEC for different application purposes.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/28/5/056701

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Abstract We study the spatiotemporal Bloch states of a high-frequency driven two-component Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in an optical lattice. By adopting the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) and applying an exact trial-solution to the corresponding quasistationary system, we establish a different method for tuning SOC via external field such that the existence conditions of the exact particular solutions are fitted. Several novel features related to the exact states are demonstrated; for example, SOC leads to spin–motion entanglement for the spatiotemporal Bloch states, SOC increases the population imbalance of the two-component BEC, and SOC can be applied to manipulate the stable atomic flow which is conducive to control quantum transport of the BEC for different application purposes.
In this paper, we give the normal and abnormal Bloch states at the Brillouin zone edge to a spin–orbit (SO) coupled Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with a high-frequency driving and confined in a periodic lattice. The generation of the spatiotemporal Bloch states and the associated the population transfer and the superflow are studied. We find that Rabi coupling strength can enhance or reduce the population transfer between two BEC components for the obtained Bloch states. In addition, we can realize the transition between superfluid state and critical balance state by adjusting system parameters, which could be helpful to the quantum transport of the SO coupled cold-atom system.
Properties of the ground-state solitons, which exist in the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC) in the presence of optical lattices, are presented. Results show that several system parameters, such as SOC strength, lattice depth, and lattice frequency, have important influences on properties of ground state solitons in SOC BEC. By controlling these parameters, structure and spin polarization of the ground-state solitons can be effectively tuned, so manipulation of atoms may be realized.
We study the localization of a noninteracting and weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with spin-orbit coupling loaded in a quasiperiodic bichromatic optical lattice potential using the numerical solution and variational approximation of a binary mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation with two pseudospin components. We confirm the existence of the stationary localized states in the presence of the spin-orbit and Rabi couplings for an equal distribution of atoms in the two components. We find that the interaction between the spin-orbit and Rabi couplings favors the localization or delocalization of the BEC depending on the phase difference between the components. We also studied the oscillation dynamics of the localized states for an initial population imbalance between the two components.
We investigate the dynamics of rotating pseudo-spin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in a quasicrystalline optical lattice (QOL). For given parameters, the system evolves from an initial heliciform-stripe phase into a final visible vortex necklace with a giant vortex and a hidden vortex necklace. Simultaneously, the corresponding spin texture undergoes a transition from a meron–antimeron pair to a half-antiskyrmion necklace. During the dynamic evolution process, the angular momentum increases gradually, and then approaches to a convergent value. Furthermore, typical quantum phases of rotating two-component BECs with SOC in different external potentials are summarized.
We study the spatially chaoticity-dependent spin-motion entanglement of a spin-orbit (SO) coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with a source of ultracold atoms held in an optical superlattice. In the case of phase synchronization, we analytically demonstrate that (a) the SO coupling (SOC) leads to the generation of spin-motion entanglement; (b) the area of the high-chaoticity parameter region inversely relates to the SOC strength which renormalizes the chemical potential; and (c) the high-chaoticity is associated with the lower chemical potential and the larger ratio of the short-lattice depth to the longer-lattice depth. Then, we numerically generate the Poincaré sections to pinpoint that the chaos probability is enhanced with the decrease in the SOC strength and/or the spin-dependent current components. The existence of chaos is confirmed by computing the corresponding largest Lyapunov exponents. For an appropriate lattice depth ratio, the complete stop of one of (or both) the current components is related to the full chaoticity. The results mean that the weak SOC and/or the small current components can enhance the chaoticity. Based on the insensitivity of chaos probability to initial conditions, we propose a feasible scheme to manipulate the ensemble of chaotic spin-motion entangled states, which may be useful in coherent atom optics with chaotic atom transport.
In this paper we show that for sufficiently strong atomic interactions, there exist analytical solutions of current-carrying nonlinear Bloch states at the Brillouin zone edge to the model of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with symmetric spin interaction loaded into optical lattices. These simple but generic exact solutions provide an analytical demonstration of some intriguing properties which have neither an analog in the regular BEC lattice systems nor in the uniform spin-orbit-coupled BEC systems. It is an analytical example for understanding the superfluid and other related properties of the spin-orbit-coupled BEC lattice systems.