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arXiv:1812.11698 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Dynamical effects on superconductivity in a BCS-BEC crossover: Dynamical mean field theory and numerical renormalization group study of the Holstein model in infinite dimensions

Tae-Ho Park, Han-Yong Choi

Published May 6, 2019• 4 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the dynamical effects of pairing interaction on superconductivity in BCS-BEC crossover by studying the Holstein model at half filling where the electron-phonon coupling $g$ controls the crossover. The dynamical mean-field theory was employed in combination with the numerical renormalization group technique to study the frequency dependence of phonon mediated interaction between electrons in a superconductive state. The frequency dependence induces distinct features such as the absence of the dispersion back bending of Bogoliubov quasiparticles, nonmonotonous coupling dependence of the pairing gap, and the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ being maximum at ${g}_{c1}$, the lower critical coupling of the normal state insulator to metal transition. Some of these features have intriguing similarities with the recent observations in the ${\mathrm{FeSe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{S}}_{x}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1+y}{\mathrm{Se}}_{x}{\mathrm{Te}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ iron chalcogenides in the BCS-BEC crossover.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.99.174503

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We investigate the emergence of the collective mode in the phonon spectra of the superconducting state within the Holstein model by varying the electron-phonon coupling. Using dynamical mean field theory combined with the numerical renormalization group technique, we calculate the phonon spectra. In the superconducting state with a pairing gap ( Δ P ), the peak position of the collective mode ( ω col ) evolves from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) regime, manifesting near 2 Δ P and increasing with coupling, to the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) regime, where ω col decreases with increasing coupling. The decrease of ω col matches well with the reduction of superfluid stiffness, which originates from the increasing phase fluctuations of local pairs with coupling strength. In the crossover regime with intermediate coupling, ω col aligns with the soft phonon mode ( ω s ) of the normal state and decreases with increasing coupling when ω s < 2 Δ P . Additionally, comparing the collective mode weight to Δ P suggests that the collective mode predominantly stems from U(1) gauge symmetry breaking across all coupling strengths. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We study dynamic ground-state properties in the crossover from weak-(BCS) to strong-coupling (BEC) superfluidity. Our approach is based on the attractive Hubbard model which is analyzed by the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) combined with the numerical renormalization group (NRG). We present an extension of the NRG method for effective impurity models to self-consistent calculations with superconducting symmetry breaking. In the one-particle spectra we show quantitatively how the Bogoliubov quasiparticles at weak coupling become suppressed at intermediate coupling. We also present results for the spin and charge gap. The extension of the NRG method to self-consistent superconducting solutions opens the possibility to study a range of other important applications.
We study the Hubbard-Holstein model which includes both the electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions, characterized by UUU and ggg, respectively. The model is solved with UUU and ggg on an equal footing in the infinite dimensions by employing the dynamical mean-field theory in combination with Wilson's numerical renormalization group. A zero temperature phase diagram of symmetry unbroken states at half filling is mapped out which exhibits the interplay between the two kinds of interactions and combines the two separately studied interaction-driven metal-insulator transitions of the Hubbard and Holstein models within a single frame. The ground state is metallic when both UUU and ggg are small, but is insulating when UUU or ggg is large, referred to as, respectively, Mott-Hubbard insulator (MHI) and bipolaron insulator (BPI). As the phase boundary between the metallic and MHI (BPI) states is approached from the metallic region, the quasiparticle weight zzz goes to 0 continuously (discontinuously). Moreover, the two insulating states are distinct and cannot be adiabatically connected, and there is a first order phase transition between them.
We study the T=0T=0T=0 crossover from the BCS superconductivity to Bose-Einstein condensation in the attractive Hubbard Model within dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) in order to examine the validity of Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) mean field theory, usually used to describe this crossover, and to explore the physics beyond it. Quantum fluctuations are incorporated using iterated perturbation theory as the DMFT impurity solver. We find that these fluctuations lead to large quantitative effects in the intermediate coupling regime, leading to a reduction of both the superconducting order parameter and the energy gap relative to the HFB results. A qualitative change is found in the single-electron spectral function, which now shows an incoherent spectral weight for energies larger than three times the gap, in addition to the usual Bogoliubov quasiparticle peaks.
The properties of the electron-phonon interaction in the presence of a sizable electronic repulsion at finite doping are studied by investigating the metallic phase of the Hubbard-Holstein model with dynamical mean-field theory. Analyzing the quasiparticle weight at finite doping, we find that a large Coulomb repulsion reduces the effect of electron-phonon coupling at low energy, while this reduction is not present at high energy. The renormalization of the electron-phonon coupling induced by the Hubbard repulsion depends in a surprisingly strong and nontrivial way on the phonon frequency. Our results suggest that phonon might affect differently high-energy and low-energy properties and this, together with the effect of phonon dynamics, should be carefully taken into account when the effects of the electron-phonon interaction in a strongly correlated system, like the superconducting cuprates, are discussed.
We study the isotope effects arising from the coupling of correlated electrons with dispersionless phonons by considering the Hubbard-Holstein model at half-filling within the dynamical mean-field theory. In particular we calculate the isotope effects on the quasiparticle spectral weight ZZZ, the renormalized phonon frequency, and the static charge and spin susceptibilities. In the weakly correlated regime $U∕t\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.5$, where UUU is the Hubbard repulsion and ttt is the bare electron half-bandwidth, the physical properties are qualitatively similar to those characterizing the Holstein model in the absence of Coulomb repulsion, where the bipolaronic binding takes place at large electron-phonon coupling and it is reflected in divergent isotope responses. On the contrary in the strongly correlated regime $U∕t\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1.5$, where the bipolaronic metal-insulator transition becomes of first order, the isotope effects are bounded, suggesting that the first-order transition is likely driven by an electronic mechanism, rather then by a lattice instability. These results point out how the isotope responses are extremely sensitive to phase boundaries and they may be used to characterize the competition between the electron-phonon coupling and the Hubbard repulsion.