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arXiv:1812.09039 · Physical Review Applied

Real-Time Trajectory Control of Deterministically Produced Ions

C. Lopez, Azer Trimeche, D. Comparat, Y. J. Picard

Published Jun 21, 2019• 16 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The major challenge in improving deterministic single-ion sources is to control the position and momentum of each ion. Based on the extra information given by the electron created in a photoionization process, the trajectory of the correlated ion can be controlled, using a real-time feedback system. This versatile single-ion feedback control can be applied to different kinds of ion sources. This approach improves the spatial and temporal manipulation of charged particles (ions and electrons), and thus boosts applications in quantum technology and materials science, especially deterministic implantation.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.11.064049

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The major challenge in improving deterministic single-ion sources is to control the position and momentum of each ion. Based on the extra information given by the electron created in a photoionization process, the trajectory of the correlated ion can be controlled, using a real-time feedback system. This versatile single-ion feedback control can be applied to different kinds of ion sources. This approach improves the spatial and temporal manipulation of charged particles (ions and electrons), and thus boosts applications in quantum technology and materials science, especially deterministic implantation.
We report on a deterministic single ion source with high repetition rate and high fidelity. The source employs a magneto-optical trap, where ultracold rubidium atoms are photoionized. The electrons herald the creation of a corresponding ion, whose timing information is used to manipulate its trajectory in flight. We demonstrate an ion rate of up to and achieve a fidelity for single ion operation of 98%. The technique can be used for all atomic species, which can be laser-cooled, and opens up new applications in ion microscopy, ion implantation and surface spectroscopy.
Using a segmented ion trap with mK laser-cooled ions we have realised a novel single ion source which can deterministically deliver a wide range of ion species, isotopes or ionic molecules [Schnitzler et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 070501]. Experimental data is discussed in detail and compared with numerical simulations of ion trajectories. For the novel ion source we numerically investigate the influence of various extraction parameters on fluctuations in velocity and position of the beam. We present specialised ion optics and show from numerical simulations that a nm spatial resolution is achievable. The Paul trap, which is used as a single ion source, together with the presented ion optics, constitutes a promising candidate for a deterministic ion implantation method for applications in solid state quantum computing or classical nano-electronic devices.
The major challenges to fabricate quantum processors and future nano-solid-state devices are material modification techniques with nanometer resolution and suppression of statistical fluctuations of dopants or qubit carriers. Based on a segmented ion trap with mK laser-cooled ions we have realized a deterministic single-ion source which could operate with a huge range of sympathetically cooled ion species, isotopes or ionic molecules. We have deterministically extracted a predetermined number of ions on demand and have measured a longitudinal velocity uncertainty of 6.3 m/s and a spatial beam divergence of 600 microrad. We show in numerical simulations that if the ions are cooled to the motional ground state (Heisenberg limit) nanometer spatial resolution can be achieved.
The manipulation of single-quantum objects is a key requirement for the engineering of microscopic quantum systems. Applications such as single-atom micromasers (microwave lasers), triggered single-photon sources, or deterministic entanglement of atoms all require the ability to deliver single atoms on demand to a desired location. The trapping and manipulation of atoms as neutral species is more challenging than for charged ions because of the weak interaction of neutral species with electromagnetic fields. Kuhr et al. (p. 278) have overcome these difficulties by combining magneto-optical trapping and optical-trapping techniques. They demonstrate the precision transport of single neutral cesium atoms over distances of 1 centimeter and the ejection of single atoms into free flight.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are gaining attention as room-temperature quantum bits, with potential applications in quantum sensing, quantum information processing, and quantum communication. Precise positioning of NV centers is crucial for creating efficient single-photon sources using optical resonators and quantum memories for quantum interface, etc. Generally, broad ion beam implantation through nanohole fabricated by electron beam lithography has been widely used for precise creation of NV centers. There are several reports of deterministic NV creation by using pulsed fs- or ps-laser irradiations. In addition, focusing ion beam implantation provides a route towards scalable quantum information processing [3-6]. In this study, we are developing an inherently deterministic single-ion implantation method based on a linear Paul trap (LPT) as a single-ion source, since the laser-cooling technique can be applied to the trap system to obtain ultralow-emittance ions and manipulate single ions one by one. The QST system uses doubly charged ions cooled with calcium ions, allowing 100 keV ion implantation in diamond.