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arXiv:0903.3425 · Journal of Modern Optics

Optimised focusing ion optics for an ultracold deterministic single ion source targeting nm resolution

Robert Fickler, Wolfgang Schnitzler, Norbert M. Linke, Ferdinand Schmidt‐Kaler, Kilian Singer

Published Aug 19, 2009• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Using a segmented ion trap with mK laser-cooled ions we have realised a novel single ion source which can deterministically deliver a wide range of ion species, isotopes or ionic molecules [Schnitzler et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 070501]. Experimental data is discussed in detail and compared with numerical simulations of ion trajectories. For the novel ion source we numerically investigate the influence of various extraction parameters on fluctuations in velocity and position of the beam. We present specialised ion optics and show from numerical simulations that a nm spatial resolution is achievable. The Paul trap, which is used as a single ion source, together with the presented ion optics, constitutes a promising candidate for a deterministic ion implantation method for applications in solid state quantum computing or classical nano-electronic devices.

DOI
10.1080/09500340903180509

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Using a segmented ion trap with mK laser-cooled ions we have realised a novel single ion source which can deterministically deliver a wide range of ion species, isotopes or ionic molecules [Schnitzler et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 070501]. Experimental data is discussed in detail and compared with numerical simulations of ion trajectories. For the novel ion source we numerically investigate the influence of various extraction parameters on fluctuations in velocity and position of the beam. We present specialised ion optics and show from numerical simulations that a nm spatial resolution is achievable. The Paul trap, which is used as a single ion source, together with the presented ion optics, constitutes a promising candidate for a deterministic ion implantation method for applications in solid state quantum computing or classical nano-electronic devices.
The major challenges to fabricate quantum processors and future nano-solid-state devices are material modification techniques with nanometer resolution and suppression of statistical fluctuations of dopants or qubit carriers. Based on a segmented ion trap with mK laser-cooled ions we have realized a deterministic single-ion source which could operate with a huge range of sympathetically cooled ion species, isotopes or ionic molecules. We have deterministically extracted a predetermined number of ions on demand and have measured a longitudinal velocity uncertainty of 6.3 m/s and a spatial beam divergence of 600 microrad. We show in numerical simulations that if the ions are cooled to the motional ground state (Heisenberg limit) nanometer spatial resolution can be achieved.
We report on a deterministic single ion source with high repetition rate and high fidelity. The source employs a magneto-optical trap, where ultracold rubidium atoms are photoionized. The electrons herald the creation of a corresponding ion, whose timing information is used to manipulate its trajectory in flight. We demonstrate an ion rate of up to and achieve a fidelity for single ion operation of 98%. The technique can be used for all atomic species, which can be laser-cooled, and opens up new applications in ion microscopy, ion implantation and surface spectroscopy.
Ion implantation is an accelerator technology essential for creating defects or introducing impurities into materials. A research and development study is currently underway at QST Takasaki Institute toward ultrahigh-precision single-ion implantation based on laser-cooling techniques. To achieve this, we incorporate a linear Paul trap as an ultracold single-ion source, where trapped ions can be cooled to the order of mK or even “Coulomb-crystallized” by Doppler laser cooling. In our scheme, N or Si ions, useful for ion implantation to create color centers, are sympathetically cooled down to the mK range through Coulomb collisions by co-trapping them with laser-cooled Ca ions. Then, the ions are extracted selectively from the trap to be accelerated and focused through a 50-kV electrostatic bipotential lens system. We aim to focus the ions on the order of 10 nm for ultrahigh-precision implantation. The implantation system has already been assembled, and the commissioning is currently underway to enable ion extraction using a Coulomb crystal and focusing extracted cold ions. We present the status of system development and outline the scheme for selective ion extraction and nanobeam focusing based on multiparticle simulations.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are gaining attention as room-temperature quantum bits, with potential applications in quantum sensing, quantum information processing, and quantum communication. Precise positioning of NV centers is crucial for creating efficient single-photon sources using optical resonators and quantum memories for quantum interface, etc. Generally, broad ion beam implantation through nanohole fabricated by electron beam lithography has been widely used for precise creation of NV centers. There are several reports of deterministic NV creation by using pulsed fs- or ps-laser irradiations. In addition, focusing ion beam implantation provides a route towards scalable quantum information processing [3-6]. In this study, we are developing an inherently deterministic single-ion implantation method based on a linear Paul trap (LPT) as a single-ion source, since the laser-cooling technique can be applied to the trap system to obtain ultralow-emittance ions and manipulate single ions one by one. The QST system uses doubly charged ions cooled with calcium ions, allowing 100 keV ion implantation in diamond.
Ion implantation is an accelerator-based technology used to create defects and introducing impurities into solid materials. A research and development study is currently underway toward ultrahigh-precision single-ion implantation using laser-cooling techniques at Takasaki Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology. To achieve this, we incorporate a linear Paul trap as an ultracold single-ion source, where trapped ions can be made “Coulomb-crystallized” through Doppler laser cooling. In our scheme, nitrogen or silicon ions, useful for ion implantation to create color centers in materials, are sympathetically cooled through Coulomb collisions by co-trapping them with laser-cooled calcium ions to form a two-component crystal. These cold ions are then selectively extracted from the trap to be accelerated and focused through a 50-kV electrostatic bipotential-lens system. Our goal is to achieve beam focusing for ultrahigh-precision implantation on the order of 10 nm. The implanter system has already been assembled, and the commissioning is currently ongoing to enable single-ion extraction using a Coulomb crystal. In these proceedings, we describe the scheme for selective ion extraction and nanobeam focusing based on multiparticle simulations and briefly report recent progress in system implementation.
Deterministic ion implantation and color-center creation methods at the nanometer scale provide a route towards scalable quantum information processing. For this purpose, we have developed an inherently deterministic single-ion implantation method based on a linear Paul trap (LPT) as a single-ion source since the laser-cooling technique can be applied to the trap system to obtain ultralow-emittance ions and manipulate single ions one by one . Doubly charged nitrogen ions (N2+) produced in a sputter ion source is introduced into the LPT and sympathetically cooled with laser-cooled calcium ions (Ca+). Both the sputter ion source and the LPT chamber are elevated to +50kV for the 100keV-implantation of doubly charged single ions into a grounded diamond crystal.