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arXiv:1806.09485

Asymmetric Foucault pendulum dynamics with analogies to the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick quantum phase transitions and other quantum phenomena

Tomáš Opatrný, P. Stepanek

Published Jun 25, 2018• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Stokes parameter formalism is applied to show the analogies between the motion of an asymmetric Foucault pendulum and several phenomena known from optics and atomic physics. Nonlinearity-induced precession of elliptical orbits of the pendulum is shown to correspond to twisting transformations used for spin squeezing of atomic systems. Transitions between regimes of predominant nonlinearity and regimes where the Coriolis force or the asymmetry of the pendulum are dominant correspond to quantum phase transitions in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. A Foucault pendulum with highly anisotropic damping can emulate an optical Zeno effect where a sequence of polarizing filters inhibits polarization rotation of light in an optically active medium.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1806.09485

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Stokes parameter formalism is applied to show the analogies between the motion of an asymmetric Foucault pendulum and several phenomena known from optics and atomic physics. Nonlinearity-induced precession of elliptical orbits of the pendulum is shown to correspond to twisting transformations used for spin squeezing of atomic systems. Transitions between regimes of predominant nonlinearity and regimes where the Coriolis force or the asymmetry of the pendulum are dominant correspond to quantum phase transitions in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. A Foucault pendulum with highly anisotropic damping can emulate an optical Zeno effect where a sequence of polarizing filters inhibits polarization rotation of light in an optically active medium.
We show that the classical model of Euler top (freely rotating, generally asymmetric rigid body), possibly supplemented with a rotor, corresponds to a generalized Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model describing phenomena of various branches of quantum physics. Classical effects such as free precession of a symmetric top, Feynman's wobbling plate, tennis-racket instability and the Dzhanibekov effect, attitude control of satellites by momentum wheels, or twisting somersault dynamics, have their counterparts in quantum effects that include spin squeezing by one-axis twisting and two-axis countertwisting, transitions between the Josephson and Rabi regimes of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well potential, and other quantum critical phenomena. The parallels enable us to expand the range of explored quantum phase transitions in the generalized LMG model, as well as to present a classical analogy of the recently proposed LMG Floquet time crystal.
We predict a gyroscopic effect that can be demonstrated with Rydberg atoms following the dynamics of a Kepler Hamiltonian with an additional uniaxial anisotropy induced by optical ponderomotive force. This effect is analogous to the rotation of the Foucault pendulum in response to the Earth's rotation. We argue that in Rydberg states with a large principal quantum number a similar geometric angle can be generated by mechanical rotations of an atomic-optical setup on timescales between 1 μs and 1 ms.
Spin has long been regarded as a fundamentally quantum phenomena that is incapable of being described classically. To bridge the gap and show that aspects of spin's quantum nature can be described classically, this work uses a classical Lagrangian based on the coupled oscillations of Foucault's pendulum as an analog for the electron spin state in an external magnetic field. With this analog it is possible to demonstrate that Foucault's pendulum not only serves as a basis for explaining geometric phase, but is also a basis for reproducing a broad range of behavior from Zeeman-like frequency splitting to precession of the spin state. By demonstrating that unmeasured electron spin states can be fully described in classical terms, this research opens the door to using the tools of classical physics to examine an inherently quantum phenomenon.
Spin squeezing in collective atomic ensembles enables quantum-enhanced metrology by reducing noise below the standard quantum limit through nonlinear interactions. Extending the one-axis and two-axis twisting paradigms of Kitagawa and Ueda, we introduce a general class of three-axis spin squeezed states within the anisotropic Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. The model features direction-dependent quadratic couplings that interpolate between uniaxial and biaxial regimes and can be interpreted as an asymmetric quantum rotor. Using semiclassical dynamics, Majorana representations, and Husimi-Q distributions, we analyze the structure and metrological properties of the resulting states. The three-axis framework reproduces the known N^(-2/3) scaling of one-axis twisting and the Heisenberg-limited N^(-1) scaling of two-axis twisting, while allowing additional tunability and enhanced entanglement generation in low-spin systems. We further show that tuning the anisotropy parameters induces ground-state and excited-state quantum phase transitions, including a second-order transition associated with level clustering and critical dynamics. These results unify spin squeezing, quantum criticality, and rotor analogies, and suggest implementations in Rydberg arrays and cavity-QED platforms for precision sensing and quantum simulation.
Spin squeezing, as a crucial quantum resource, plays a pivotal role in quantum metrology, enabling us to achieve high-precision parameter estimation schemes. Here, we investigate the spin squeezing and the quantum phase transition in an anisotropic central spin system. We find that this kind of central spin system can be mapped to the anisotropic Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model in the limit where the ratio of transition frequencies between the central spin and the spin bath tends towards infinity. This property can induce a one-axis twisting interaction and provides another possibility for generating spin squeezing. We consider the generation of spin-squeezed states through the ground state and the dynamical evolution of the central spin model, respectively. The results show that the dynamical approach is more effective, and the spin-squeezing parameter improves as the anisotropy parameter decreases, while its value scales with system size as ${N}^{\ensuremath{-}2/3}$. Furthermore, we obtain the critical exponent of the quantum Fisher information around the critical point by numerical simulation, and find its value tends to 4/34/34/3 as the frequency ratio and the system size approach infinity. This paper offers a promising scheme for generating spin-squeezed state and paves the way for potential advancements in quantum sensing.