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arXiv:1803.04760 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Raman mode non-classicality through entangled photon coupling to plasmonic modes

Ahmad Salmanogli

Published Sep 17, 2018• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this article, non-classical properties of Raman modes are investigated. The original goal, actually, is to identify how and by which method we can induce non-classicality in Raman modes. We introduce a plasmonic system in which Raman dye molecules are buried between two shells of the plasmonic materials, similar to an onion-like core/shell nanoparticle. This system is excited by the entangled two-photon wave, followed by analysis of its dynamics of motion using the Heisenberg–Langevin equations by which the time evolution of the signal-idler mode and Raman modes are derived. Interestingly, the entangled two-photon wave is coupled to the plasmonic modes, which are used to improve the non-classicality. It is shown that the exciting system with the entangled photons leads to inducing the non-classicality in Raman modes and entanglement between them. Moreover, it is seen that the plasmon–plasmon interaction in the gap region has a strong effect on the non-classicality of the input modes and also affects entangling of the Raman modes, which means that plasmonic modes generated by the core/shell nanoparticles manipulate the Raman modes’ quantum properties. It is shown that the quantum properties in the designed system are dramatically influenced by the environmental temperature and the location of the Raman molecules in the gap region. The modeling results demonstrate that by changing the location of the Raman molecules, the non-classicality of the Raman modes and their entanglement are altered. Finally, as an important result, it is revealed that the Raman modes, such as the Stokes and anti-Stokes modes, show a revival behavior, which is a quantum phenomenon.

DOI
10.1364/josab.35.002467

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In this article, non-classical properties of Raman modes are investigated. The original goal, actually, is to identify how and by which method we can induce non-classicality in Raman modes. We introduce a plasmonic system in which Raman dye molecules are buried between two shells of the plasmonic materials, similar to an onion-like core/shell nanoparticle. This system is excited by the entangled two-photon wave, followed by analysis of its dynamics of motion using the Heisenberg–Langevin equations by which the time evolution of the signal-idler mode and Raman modes are derived. Interestingly, the entangled two-photon wave is coupled to the plasmonic modes, which are used to improve the non-classicality. It is shown that the exciting system with the entangled photons leads to inducing the non-classicality in Raman modes and entanglement between them. Moreover, it is seen that the plasmon–plasmon interaction in the gap region has a strong effect on the non-classicality of the input modes and also affects entangling of the Raman modes, which means that plasmonic modes generated by the core/shell nanoparticles manipulate the Raman modes’ quantum properties. It is shown that the quantum properties in the designed system are dramatically influenced by the environmental temperature and the location of the Raman molecules in the gap region. The modeling results demonstrate that by changing the location of the Raman molecules, the non-classicality of the Raman modes and their entanglement are altered. Finally, as an important result, it is revealed that the Raman modes, such as the Stokes and anti-Stokes modes, show a revival behavior, which is a quantum phenomenon.
In this study, we designed a plasmonic system containing an array of nanoparticles (NPs) coupled to a quantum dot (QD) to generate entangled photons. The interaction of incoming light with the array of NPs generates a modified plasmon resonance, so-called lattice-plasmon (interaction of the NPs near-field with the photonic mode). Due to its unique optical properties, the lattice-plasmon strongly manipulates the output modes’ entanglement behavior. This is mainly because of the influence of the lattice-plasmon on the transition and dephasing rates of the quantum dot. It is shown that it can be possible to manipulate the QD decay rates via the optical properties of the lattice-plasmon. Also, to manage the output modes entanglement, the emphasis is put on the retarded field effect, which dramatically impacts the lattice-plasmon optical properties. It is theoretically found that engineering the optical properties of the lattice-plasmon facilitates the manipulation of the entanglement behavior.
To improve the performance of the traditional tripartite opto-mechanical system, we design a developed opto-mechanical tripartite system in which all subsystems such as an optical cavity, microresonator, and microcavity modes are coupled directly to each other. This system is analyzed quantum mechanically, and its dynamics of motion is studied by the Heisenberg-Langevin equations. Notably, the originality of this work contributes to embedding the spherical capacitor in the optical cavity where the plasmon-plasmon interaction between capacitor plates manipulates the internal electric field. Therefore, using plasmon-plasmon interaction inside the spherical capacitor, which leads to nonlinearity, causes the contributed polarization function of the plasmonic property. Actually, this plasmonic property manages the spherical capacitance. Although the spherical capacitor is fundamentally dependent on the plasmonic properties caused by the capacitor gap, the spherical capacitor for a design is required to be parallel to the microwave capacitor. The system developed in the present work proved that the stability of the entanglement between optical cavity and microcavity modes toward the temperature changing is dramatically increased; which is the original goal of this study. It is worth mentioning that the environment noise severely restricted the traditional tripartite system operated with a wide bandwidth, hence the present design can efficiently fix this issue.
This thesis is an attempt at studying quantum coherence effects coupled via plasmons. After introducing the quantum coherence in atomic systems in Chapter 1, we utilize it in Chapter 2 to demonstrate a new technique of detection of motion of single atoms or irons inside an optical cavity. By taking into account the interaction of coherences with surface plasmonic waves excited in metal nanoparticles, we provide a theoretical model along with experimental data in Chapter 3 to describe the modification of Raman spectra near metal nanoparticles. We show in chapter 4 that starting from two emitters, coupled via a plasmonic field, the symmetry breaking occurs, making detectable the simultaneous existence of the fast super-radiance and the slow sub-radiance emission of dye fluorescence near a plasmonic surface. In Chapter 5, we study the photon statistics of a group of emitters coupled via plasmons and by the use of quantum regression theorem, we provide a theoretical model to fully investigate the dependence of photon bunching and anti-bunching effects to the interaction between atoms, fields and surrounding mediums.
Robustness of the geometric phase (GP) with respect to different noise effects is a basic condition for an effective quantum computation. Here, we propose a useful quantum system with real physical parameters by studying the GP of a pair of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons, involving Raman emission processes with and without photonic band gap (PBG) effect. We show that the properties of GP are very sensitive to the change of the Rabi frequency and time, exhibiting collapse phenomenon as the time becomes significantly large. The system allows us to obtain a state which remains with zero GP for longer times. This result plays a significant role to enhance the stabilization and control of the system dynamics. Finally, we investigate the nonlocal correlation (entanglement) between the pair photons by taking into account the effect of different parameters. An interesting correlation between the GP and entanglement is observed showing that the PBG stabilizes the fluctuations in the system and makes the entanglement more robust against the change of time and frequency.
Abstract In this study, a plasmonic system coupled to a quantum dot is defined to generate the entanglement between two non-simultaneous emitted output modes. The quantum dot with three energy levels creates two different transition rates by which non-simultaneous photons are emitted. Thus, it seems that the entanglement between two emitted modes is forbidden. However, the simulation results show the entanglement between the output modes. It is because the original transition rates of the quantum dot are modified due to the lattice plasmon coupling effect. It means that the effective transition rate affected by the lattice plasmon plays the key role. The lattice plasmon coupling to quantum dot at some locations leads to a simultaneous transition by which the entanglement between output modes is established. This unique behavior is theoretically discussed and the results shows that using lattice plasmon can change the transition rates by which the two emitted modes become entangled.
The generation of quantum entanglement is important for a wide range of quantum technology protocols. In nanophotonics, a promising platform for quantum technologies, entanglement generation via plasmon-mediated coupling in quantum dot qubits is often modeled within the dipole limit, where only dipolar plasmons of the mediating nanoparticle are considered, and the local response approximation, where nonlocal corrections are ignored. However, multipolar effects manifest strongly at coupling distances less than the nanoparticle size, while nonlocal optical effects stem from a size-induced dielectric response. We investigated these two important effects in the generation of two-qubit entanglement mediated by plasmonic coupling. A cavity quantum electrodynamic approach is employed, where the induced plasmonic effects lead to modified transition rates in the dynamics of the coupled quantum dot qubits. We find that multipolar modes and size-dependent damping lead to entanglement decay at small coupling distances and limit mediated entanglement with certain particle sizes. We discuss potential implications of multipolar modes in entanglement-based quantum sensing.