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Quantum Dot Transition Rate Modifying by Coupling to Lattice Plasmon

Sude Hatem, Ahmad Salmanogli, H. Selçuk Geçim

Published Feb 10, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this study, a plasmonic system coupled to a quantum dot is defined to generate the entanglement between two non-simultaneous emitted output modes. The quantum dot with three energy levels creates two different transition rates by which non-simultaneous photons are emitted. Thus, it seems that the entanglement between two emitted modes is forbidden. However, the simulation results show the entanglement between the output modes. It is because the original transition rates of the quantum dot are modified due to the lattice plasmon coupling effect. It means that the effective transition rate affected by the lattice plasmon plays the key role. The lattice plasmon coupling to quantum dot at some locations leads to a simultaneous transition by which the entanglement between output modes is established. This unique behavior is theoretically discussed and the results shows that using lattice plasmon can change the transition rates by which the two emitted modes become entangled.

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-2533435/v1

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Abstract In this study, a plasmonic system coupled to a quantum dot is defined to generate the entanglement between two non-simultaneous emitted output modes. The quantum dot with three energy levels creates two different transition rates by which non-simultaneous photons are emitted. Thus, it seems that the entanglement between two emitted modes is forbidden. However, the simulation results show the entanglement between the output modes. It is because the original transition rates of the quantum dot are modified due to the lattice plasmon coupling effect. It means that the effective transition rate affected by the lattice plasmon plays the key role. The lattice plasmon coupling to quantum dot at some locations leads to a simultaneous transition by which the entanglement between output modes is established. This unique behavior is theoretically discussed and the results shows that using lattice plasmon can change the transition rates by which the two emitted modes become entangled.
In this study, we designed a plasmonic system containing an array of nanoparticles (NPs) coupled to a quantum dot (QD) to generate entangled photons. The interaction of incoming light with the array of NPs generates a modified plasmon resonance, so-called lattice-plasmon (interaction of the NPs near-field with the photonic mode). Due to its unique optical properties, the lattice-plasmon strongly manipulates the output modes’ entanglement behavior. This is mainly because of the influence of the lattice-plasmon on the transition and dephasing rates of the quantum dot. It is shown that it can be possible to manipulate the QD decay rates via the optical properties of the lattice-plasmon. Also, to manage the output modes entanglement, the emphasis is put on the retarded field effect, which dramatically impacts the lattice-plasmon optical properties. It is theoretically found that engineering the optical properties of the lattice-plasmon facilitates the manipulation of the entanglement behavior.
The entanglement between photon pairs generated from the biexciton cascade transition in a semiconductor quantum dot located in the vicinity of a metal nanoparticle is theoretically investigated. In the model scheme, the biexciton-exciton and exciton--ground-state transitions are assumed to be coupled to two principal plasmon modes of orthogonal polarizations. For a broad spectral window, because the horizontal and vertical spectra overlap, the biexciton and exciton photons are degenerate in energy. This allows us to overcome the natural splitting between the intermediate exciton states. Moreover, the degree of entanglement depends on the geometrical parameters of the system, i.e., the radius of the metal nanoparticle and the distance between the quantum dot and the nanoparticle. The results reveal that such a hybrid system profoundly modifies the photon entanglement even in the absence of strong coupling between the emitter and the metal nanosphere.
The generation of quantum entanglement is important for a wide range of quantum technology protocols. In nanophotonics, a promising platform for quantum technologies, entanglement generation via plasmon-mediated coupling in quantum dot qubits is often modeled within the dipole limit, where only dipolar plasmons of the mediating nanoparticle are considered, and the local response approximation, where nonlocal corrections are ignored. However, multipolar effects manifest strongly at coupling distances less than the nanoparticle size, while nonlocal optical effects stem from a size-induced dielectric response. We investigated these two important effects in the generation of two-qubit entanglement mediated by plasmonic coupling. A cavity quantum electrodynamic approach is employed, where the induced plasmonic effects lead to modified transition rates in the dynamics of the coupled quantum dot qubits. We find that multipolar modes and size-dependent damping lead to entanglement decay at small coupling distances and limit mediated entanglement with certain particle sizes. We discuss potential implications of multipolar modes in entanglement-based quantum sensing.
We theoretically investigate the influence of a phonon bath on entangled generation between two semiconductor quantum dots coupled to a plasmonic nanocavity and coherently driven by an external optical field. Our study reveals that phonons could be useful in a certain range of system parameters where a subradian state preparation is possible. We point out that this behavior is due to the fact that phonon environment modify the radiative properties of the two-qubit inducing different decay rates between the collective states of the system. The influence of the factors characteristic of quantum dot systems and plasmonic nanocavity such as energy mismatch in different dots, different plasmonic cavity losses as well as coupling to phonons is analyzed. The entanglement can be controlled via different external parameters such as the cavity detuning, the Rabi frequency of the driving field and the resonance frequency of the QDs.
We study the systems of two and three quantum dots positioned near a metallic nanoring having a surface plasmon in a particular mode. Interaction of surface plasmon with quantum dots generates entanglement between quantum dots as well as among the incident and reflected modes of the surface plasmons. We show that the maximum amount of entanglement is generated among two initially unentangled quantum dots separated by distance and with interaction parameter , while entanglement among two counter-propagating modes of the surface plasmons can be generated with interdot distance and interaction parameter , where k and μ are the propagation vector and coupling constant, respectively. In case of three quantum dots, the maximum entanglement among the quantum dots is obtained at kd = mπ /3 and Finally, the scheme is straightforwardly generalized to generate quantum entanglement among N quantum dots as well as among two counter-propagating modes of the surface plasmon due to their interactions with quantum dots.
Although the enhanced near fields produced by plasmon resonances in metal nanoparticles can enable strong local light-matter interactions, the strong dissipation of plasmon resonances would seem to be incompatible with quantum-mechanical phenomena such as entanglement. Counter to this intuition, the dissipation can in fact lead to the production of transient entanglement between the occupation states of dots coupled to a common plasmonic system. Building on previous results that showed entanglement between pairs of dots, we scale to larger systems of two, three, and more closely spaced dots. Moreover, we show that tuning the degree of coupling between each dot and the common plasmonic nanostructure enables entanglement to be created in the case where the entire system begins in its ground state and is excited by a single laser pulse. Entanglement is achieved without the need for the dots to be individually addressable, and without the need for controlled quantum gates, postselective measurements, or engineering of the dissipative environment. Through analytical solutions and numerical simulation of a model Hamiltonian based on a cavity-quantum-electrodynamics approach, we determine system configurations that maximize pairwise entanglement among the quantum dots, illustrating in principle the potential for true “quantum plasmonics.