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Journal of Nanophotonics

Lattice-plasmon effect on entanglement behavior in a plasmonic system

Ahmad Salmanogli

Published Nov 22, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this study, we designed a plasmonic system containing an array of nanoparticles (NPs) coupled to a quantum dot (QD) to generate entangled photons. The interaction of incoming light with the array of NPs generates a modified plasmon resonance, so-called lattice-plasmon (interaction of the NPs near-field with the photonic mode). Due to its unique optical properties, the lattice-plasmon strongly manipulates the output modes’ entanglement behavior. This is mainly because of the influence of the lattice-plasmon on the transition and dephasing rates of the quantum dot. It is shown that it can be possible to manipulate the QD decay rates via the optical properties of the lattice-plasmon. Also, to manage the output modes entanglement, the emphasis is put on the retarded field effect, which dramatically impacts the lattice-plasmon optical properties. It is theoretically found that engineering the optical properties of the lattice-plasmon facilitates the manipulation of the entanglement behavior.

DOI
10.1117/1.jnp.16.046006

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In this study, we designed a plasmonic system containing an array of nanoparticles (NPs) coupled to a quantum dot (QD) to generate entangled photons. The interaction of incoming light with the array of NPs generates a modified plasmon resonance, so-called lattice-plasmon (interaction of the NPs near-field with the photonic mode). Due to its unique optical properties, the lattice-plasmon strongly manipulates the output modes’ entanglement behavior. This is mainly because of the influence of the lattice-plasmon on the transition and dephasing rates of the quantum dot. It is shown that it can be possible to manipulate the QD decay rates via the optical properties of the lattice-plasmon. Also, to manage the output modes entanglement, the emphasis is put on the retarded field effect, which dramatically impacts the lattice-plasmon optical properties. It is theoretically found that engineering the optical properties of the lattice-plasmon facilitates the manipulation of the entanglement behavior.
Abstract In this study, a plasmonic system coupled to a quantum dot is defined to generate the entanglement between two non-simultaneous emitted output modes. The quantum dot with three energy levels creates two different transition rates by which non-simultaneous photons are emitted. Thus, it seems that the entanglement between two emitted modes is forbidden. However, the simulation results show the entanglement between the output modes. It is because the original transition rates of the quantum dot are modified due to the lattice plasmon coupling effect. It means that the effective transition rate affected by the lattice plasmon plays the key role. The lattice plasmon coupling to quantum dot at some locations leads to a simultaneous transition by which the entanglement between output modes is established. This unique behavior is theoretically discussed and the results shows that using lattice plasmon can change the transition rates by which the two emitted modes become entangled.
The generation of quantum entanglement is important for a wide range of quantum technology protocols. In nanophotonics, a promising platform for quantum technologies, entanglement generation via plasmon-mediated coupling in quantum dot qubits is often modeled within the dipole limit, where only dipolar plasmons of the mediating nanoparticle are considered, and the local response approximation, where nonlocal corrections are ignored. However, multipolar effects manifest strongly at coupling distances less than the nanoparticle size, while nonlocal optical effects stem from a size-induced dielectric response. We investigated these two important effects in the generation of two-qubit entanglement mediated by plasmonic coupling. A cavity quantum electrodynamic approach is employed, where the induced plasmonic effects lead to modified transition rates in the dynamics of the coupled quantum dot qubits. We find that multipolar modes and size-dependent damping lead to entanglement decay at small coupling distances and limit mediated entanglement with certain particle sizes. We discuss potential implications of multipolar modes in entanglement-based quantum sensing.
We theoretically investigate the influence of a phonon bath on entangled generation between two semiconductor quantum dots coupled to a plasmonic nanocavity and coherently driven by an external optical field. Our study reveals that phonons could be useful in a certain range of system parameters where a subradian state preparation is possible. We point out that this behavior is due to the fact that phonon environment modify the radiative properties of the two-qubit inducing different decay rates between the collective states of the system. The influence of the factors characteristic of quantum dot systems and plasmonic nanocavity such as energy mismatch in different dots, different plasmonic cavity losses as well as coupling to phonons is analyzed. The entanglement can be controlled via different external parameters such as the cavity detuning, the Rabi frequency of the driving field and the resonance frequency of the QDs.
Although the enhanced near fields produced by plasmon resonances in metal nanoparticles can enable strong local light-matter interactions, the strong dissipation of plasmon resonances would seem to be incompatible with quantum-mechanical phenomena such as entanglement. Counter to this intuition, the dissipation can in fact lead to the production of transient entanglement between the occupation states of dots coupled to a common plasmonic system. Building on previous results that showed entanglement between pairs of dots, we scale to larger systems of two, three, and more closely spaced dots. Moreover, we show that tuning the degree of coupling between each dot and the common plasmonic nanostructure enables entanglement to be created in the case where the entire system begins in its ground state and is excited by a single laser pulse. Entanglement is achieved without the need for the dots to be individually addressable, and without the need for controlled quantum gates, postselective measurements, or engineering of the dissipative environment. Through analytical solutions and numerical simulation of a model Hamiltonian based on a cavity-quantum-electrodynamics approach, we determine system configurations that maximize pairwise entanglement among the quantum dots, illustrating in principle the potential for true “quantum plasmonics.
Abstract This review is devoted to studies of quantum optics effects for quantum emitters (QEs) in the near field of nanoparticles (NPs). In the simple model of a two-level QE located near a plasmon NP, we analyze the mechanisms for modifying the radiative and nonradiative decay rates and discuss the distribution of the near-field intensity and polarization around the NP. This distribution has a complex structure, being significantly dependent on the polarization of the external radiation field and on the parameters of NP plasmon resonances. The quantum optics effects in the system (NP + QE + external laser field) are analyzed, including the near-field modification of the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a QE, the bunching/antibunching effects and photon quantum statistics effects in the spectrum, the formation of squeezed light states, and quantum entangled states in such systems.
In this article, non-classical properties of Raman modes are investigated. The original goal, actually, is to identify how and by which method we can induce non-classicality in Raman modes. We introduce a plasmonic system in which Raman dye molecules are buried between two shells of the plasmonic materials, similar to an onion-like core/shell nanoparticle. This system is excited by the entangled two-photon wave, followed by analysis of its dynamics of motion using the Heisenberg–Langevin equations by which the time evolution of the signal-idler mode and Raman modes are derived. Interestingly, the entangled two-photon wave is coupled to the plasmonic modes, which are used to improve the non-classicality. It is shown that the exciting system with the entangled photons leads to inducing the non-classicality in Raman modes and entanglement between them. Moreover, it is seen that the plasmon–plasmon interaction in the gap region has a strong effect on the non-classicality of the input modes and also affects entangling of the Raman modes, which means that plasmonic modes generated by the core/shell nanoparticles manipulate the Raman modes’ quantum properties. It is shown that the quantum properties in the designed system are dramatically influenced by the environmental temperature and the location of the Raman molecules in the gap region. The modeling results demonstrate that by changing the location of the Raman molecules, the non-classicality of the Raman modes and their entanglement are altered. Finally, as an important result, it is revealed that the Raman modes, such as the Stokes and anti-Stokes modes, show a revival behavior, which is a quantum phenomenon.