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arXiv:1801.09833 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Strain engineering of the silicon-vacancy center in diamond

Srujan Meesala, Young-Ik Sohn, Benjamin Pingault, Linbo Shao, Haig A. Atikian, Jeffrey Holzgrafe, Mustafa Gündoğan, Camille Stavrakas, Alp Sipahigil, Cleaven Chia, Ruffin E. Evans, Michael J. Burek, Mian Zhang, Lue Wu, Jose L Pacheco, John Abraham, Edward S. Bielejec, Mikhail D. Lukin, Mete Atatüre, Marko Lončar

Published May 29, 2018• 286 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Here, the authors tune the color of light emitted by single-atom imperfections (silicon vacancy color centers) inside a diamond. Such tunable imperfections can be networked together to build a quantum internet, where information can be securely exchanged using the laws of quantum physics. One problem is that all the centers need to emit at precisely the same color or wavelength. The authors overcome this challenge by placing color centers inside a diamond nanostring. By adjusting the tension in the string, atoms are stretched inside the crystal and tune the center to emit photons of a desired wavelength. The tuning method involves bending the string with a force controlled handily with an electrical voltage. A symphony of such tunable diamond strings could serve as the backbone of a future quantum internet.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.97.205444

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Here, the authors tune the color of light emitted by single-atom imperfections (silicon vacancy color centers) inside a diamond. Such tunable imperfections can be networked together to build a quantum internet, where information can be securely exchanged using the laws of quantum physics. One problem is that all the centers need to emit at precisely the same color or wavelength. The authors overcome this challenge by placing color centers inside a diamond nanostring. By adjusting the tension in the string, atoms are stretched inside the crystal and tune the center to emit photons of a desired wavelength. The tuning method involves bending the string with a force controlled handily with an electrical voltage. A symphony of such tunable diamond strings could serve as the backbone of a future quantum internet.
Efficient interfaces between optical photons and quantum bits are fundamental building blocks for quantum networks and large-scale quantum computers. We demonstrate an integrated platform for scalable quantum optics based on color centers coupled to diamond nanodevices. First, we incorporate nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond into hybrid nanophotonic crystal cavities. Despite our progress towards coupling the NV to cavity photons, we find that the NV-cavity interface is limited by the imperfections of the color center's properties and its local environment. We approach this challenge first by characterizing and modifying the diamond surface to reduce the environmental noise affecting the NV optical transition. Subsequently, we develop a new approach that makes use of a quantum emitter with intrinsic protection from this noise: the silicon-vacancy (SiV) center in diamond. We demonstrate that SiV centers introduced through ion implantation feature highly coherent optical transitions, even inside nanostructures. By placing SiV centers inside all-diamond photonic crystal cavities, we achieve strong SiV-photon coupling with a cooperativity of greater than 20. Using this platform, we realize a quantum-optical switch controlled by the spin degree of freedom of a single SiV. By measuring intensity correlations of indistinguishable Raman photons emitted into a single waveguide, we observe a quantum interference effect resulting from the superradiant emission of two probabilistically entangled SiV centers. Finally, we demonstrate controllable photon-mediated interactions between the spin degrees of freedom of two cavity-coupled SiV centers. When the optical transitions of the two SiV centers are tuned into resonance, the coupling of each SiV to the common cavity mode results in a coherent interaction between the two SiVs, leading to the observation of super- and sub-radiant two-SiV states.
Quantum networks hold the promise of secure communication, guaranteed by fundamental laws of physics. Building such networks, however, requires quantum nodes that can relay this quantum information. Here, the authors address practical considerations necessary for building a quantum network node using silicon-vacancy color centers (SiVs) in diamond. Specifically, they describe improvements in nanophotonic cavity design and fabrication, as well as the roles that strain, spin bath, and heating have in performing spin-photon and spin-spin entanglement experiments with SiVs at 100-mK temperatures.
The performance of diamond color centers for quantum information and sensing depends strongly on the quality of the material. Specifically, ultra-pure, low-strain diamond is preferred. However, in order to create color centers, non-carbon atoms must be incorporated into the lattice either by rapid growth or implantation. Both these techniques cause defects and lattice damage that degrades ultimate performance. To overcome these problems, we show a molecule-seeded growth technique that decouples the doping and growth processes. The result is near-deterministic creation of specific color centers in chemically pure, low-strain diamond. Data showing selective growth of H3 and NV centers will be presented, where the NV is used to verify that the crystals are low-strain. Future application to other color centers like silicon, germanium, and tin vacancies will be discussed. Also the possibility of direct growth of more complex quantum registers.
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Abstract Solid-state spin defects, such as color centers in diamond, are among the most promising candidates for scalable and integrated quantum technologies. In particular, the good optical properties of silicon-vacancy centers in diamond, combined with naturally occurring and exceptionally coherent nuclear spins, serve as a building block for quantum networking applications. Here, we show that leveraging an ultra-high-strained silicon-vacancy center inside a nanodiamond allows us to coherently and efficiently control its electron spin, while mitigating phonon-induced dephasing at liquid helium temperature. Moreover, we indirectly control and characterize a 13C nuclear spin and establish a quantum register. We overcome limited nuclear spin initialization by implementing single-shot nuclear spin readout. Lastly, we demonstrate coherent optical control with GHz rates, thus opening a potential connection of the register to the optical domain. Our work paves the way for future integration of quantum network registers into conventional, well-established photonics and hybrid quantum communication systems.