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arXiv:1712.05668 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Entanglement of a laser-driven pair of two-level qubits via its phonon environment

Elena Cecoi, Viorel Ciornea, Аурелиан Исар, Mihai Macovei

Published Apr 13, 2018• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The entanglement dynamics of a laser-pumped two-level quantum dot pair is investigated in the steady state. The closely spaced two-level emitters, embedded in a semiconductor substrate, interact with both the environmental vacuum modes of the electromagnetic field reservoir as well as with the lattice vibrational phonon thermostat. We have found that the entanglement among the pair’s components is substantially enhanced due to the presence of the phonon subsystem. The reason is phonon-induced decay among the symmetrical and antisymmetrical two-qubit collective states and, consequently, the population of the latter one. This also means that through thermal phonon bath engineering one can access the subradiant two-particle cooperative state.

DOI
10.1364/josab.35.001127

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The entanglement dynamics of a laser-pumped two-level quantum dot pair is investigated in the steady state. The closely spaced two-level emitters, embedded in a semiconductor substrate, interact with both the environmental vacuum modes of the electromagnetic field reservoir as well as with the lattice vibrational phonon thermostat. We have found that the entanglement among the pair’s components is substantially enhanced due to the presence of the phonon subsystem. The reason is phonon-induced decay among the symmetrical and antisymmetrical two-qubit collective states and, consequently, the population of the latter one. This also means that through thermal phonon bath engineering one can access the subradiant two-particle cooperative state.
The dynamics of the fluorescence intensity generated by a pair of laser-pumped two-level quantum dots was studied. The closely spaced two-level emitters, embedded in a semiconductor substrate, interacts as well with the vibrational phononic thermostat. It has been shown that the phononic thermostat significantly decrease this process, especially at low temperatures. This is due to the fact that the phononic environment opens an emission channel between the symmetrical and antisymmetric bi-qubit states. And at low temperatures, depending on the strength and sign of the dipol-dipol interaction potential, this allows to populate the subradiant state.
"We investigate the collective quantum dynamics of an ensemble of two-level emitters, embedded in a crystal, and coherently pumped by a moderately intense, and externally applied coherent electromagnetic field. The ensemble is damped preponderantly via the surrounding phonon reservoir which mediates the inter-particle collective interactions. We have found that generally phonon transitions among the corresponding dressed states are taking place involving simultaneously many single emitters or pairs of two-level emitters, respectively. In both cases the phonon intensity can be proportional to the squared number of involved two-level emitters."
We study the population and disentanglement dynamics of two identical quantum dots placed inside the structured electromagnetic reservoir of a photonic crystal and coupled to an independent bath of thermal phonons. A formalism based on the method of generalized-Laplace transforms is developed to study the population and disentanglement dynamics. The effect of resonant dipole dipole interaction between the two quantum dots on the population dynamics in the presence of phonons and shows that the two two-level atoms can have a residual population at long times in the structured reservoir of a photonic crystal due to the formation of a photon-atom bound state. The disentanglement dynamics of the two quantum dots (assumed to be initially entangled) is studied using concurrence as a measure and is computed from the reduced two two-level system density matrix using the method of generalized-Laplace transforms. We show that partial disentanglement results from the interaction of the two quantum dots with the electromagnetic and phonon reservoirs. However, substantial entanglement is preserved in the fractionalized steady state formed if the transition frequency of two the quantum dots lies in the vicinity of the photonic band edge. We also discuss in detail the role of acoustic phonons on the population and disentanglement dynamics and the long time residual entanglement.
We theoretically investigate the influence of a phonon bath on entangled generation between two semiconductor quantum dots coupled to a plasmonic nanocavity and coherently driven by an external optical field. Our study reveals that phonons could be useful in a certain range of system parameters where a subradian state preparation is possible. We point out that this behavior is due to the fact that phonon environment modify the radiative properties of the two-qubit inducing different decay rates between the collective states of the system. The influence of the factors characteristic of quantum dot systems and plasmonic nanocavity such as energy mismatch in different dots, different plasmonic cavity losses as well as coupling to phonons is analyzed. The entanglement can be controlled via different external parameters such as the cavity detuning, the Rabi frequency of the driving field and the resonance frequency of the QDs.
Self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) are ideal structures in which to test theories of open quantum systems: confined exciton states can be coherently manipulated and their decoherence properties are dominated by interactions with acoustic phonons. We here describe the interaction of a pair of un-coupled, driven, QD excitons with a common phonon environment, and find that this coupling effectively generates two kinds of interaction between the two QDs: an elastic coupling mediated by virtual phonons and an inelastic coupling mediated by real phonons. We show that both of these interactions produce steady state entanglement between the two QD excitons. We also show that photon correlations in the emission of the QDs can provide a signature of the common environment. Experiments to demonstrate our predictions are feasible with the state-of-the-art technology and would provide valuable insight into QD carrier–phonon dynamics.
Entangled photon pairs are essential for many applications in quantum technologies. Recent theoretical studies demonstrated that different types of entangled Bell states can be created in a constantly driven four-level quantum emitter-cavity system. Unlike other candidates for the realization of the four-level emitter, semiconductor quantum dots unavoidably interact with their environment, resulting in carrier-phonon interactions. Surprisingly, phonons change the entanglement of emitted photon pairs in a qualitative way, already at low temperatures on the order of 4 K. While one type of Bell state can still be generated using small driving strengths, the other type is suppressed due to phonon interactions in strongly confined quantum dots. The degree of entanglement decreases with rising temperature and driving strength until it vanishes at a certain parameter value. Because it remains zero afterward, we encounter a phonon-induced transition between entangled and nonentangled photon emission that resembles a phase transition. The transition occurs at temperatures below 30 K and, independent of the driving strength, the concurrence as a function of the reduced temperature is found to obey a power law with exponent one near the transition point.