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arXiv:1712.04154 · Physical Review A

Probing nonclassicality in an optically driven cavity with two atomic ensembles

Javid Naikoo, Kishore Thapliyal, Anirban Pathak, Subhashish Banerjee

Published Jun 21, 2018• 23 citations
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Abstract

The possibility of observing nonclassical features in a physical system comprised of a cavity with two ensembles of two-level atoms has been investigated by considering different configurations of the ensembles with respect to the node and antinode of the cavity field under the framework of open quantum systems. The study reveals the strong presence of nonclassical characters in the physical system by establishing the existence of many facets of nonclassicality, such as the sub-Poissonian boson statistics and squeezing in single modes, intermodal squeezing, intermodal entanglement, antibunching, and steering. The effect of a number of parameters, characterizing the physical system, on the different aspects of nonclassicality is also investigated. Specifically, it is observed that the depth of the nonclassicality witnessing parameters can be enhanced by externally driving one of the ensembles with an optical field. The work is done in the presence of open system effects, in particular, use is made of Langevin equations along with a suitable perturbative technique.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.97.063840

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The possibility of observing nonclassical features in a physical system comprised of a cavity with two ensembles of two-level atoms has been investigated by considering different configurations of the ensembles with respect to the node and antinode of the cavity field under the framework of open quantum systems. The study reveals the strong presence of nonclassical characters in the physical system by establishing the existence of many facets of nonclassicality, such as the sub-Poissonian boson statistics and squeezing in single modes, intermodal squeezing, intermodal entanglement, antibunching, and steering. The effect of a number of parameters, characterizing the physical system, on the different aspects of nonclassicality is also investigated. Specifically, it is observed that the depth of the nonclassicality witnessing parameters can be enhanced by externally driving one of the ensembles with an optical field. The work is done in the presence of open system effects, in particular, use is made of Langevin equations along with a suitable perturbative technique.
We introduce a method for the conditional generation of nonclassical states of light in a cavity. We consider two-level atoms traveling along the transverse direction to the cavity axis and show that by conditioning on one of the output measurements nonclassical field states are generated. The two-level atoms are prepared in the ground state and we conditioned them on the events in which they are also detected in the ground state. Nonclassical properties of the cavity mode are identified and characterized. This includes quadrature squeezing, sub-Poissonian photon-number distributions, and negative Wigner functions. We determine the optimal parameter regions where the corresponding nonclassical features are most distinct.
Various lower- and higher-order nonclassical properties have been studied for two physical systems- (i) an optomechanical system composed of a Fabry-Perot cavity with one nonlinearly oscillating mirror and (ii) an optomechanical-like system formed using a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped inside an optical cavity. The investigation is performed using a perturbation method that leads to closed form analytic expressions for the time evolution of the relevant bosonic operators. In the first system, it is observed that the radiation pressure coupling leads to the emergence of lower- and higher-order squeezing, antibunching, entanglement and intermodal squeezing. The effects of the coherent interaction of a nonlinear oscillating mirror with the cavity mode are studied, and it is observed that the optomechanical system studied here becomes more nonclassical (entangled) when the coupling strength is increased. It is also observed that the possibility of observing entanglement depends on the phase of the movable mirror. The Hamiltonian of the trapped BEC system is obtained as a special case of the Hamiltonian of the first system, and the existence of various nonclassicality in the trapped BEC system has been established, and variations of those with various physical parameters have been reported with an aim to understand the underlying physical process that leads to and controls the nonclassicality.
In this paper, we follow the model presented in our previous work [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B30, 1109 (2013)], in which the interaction between a Λ-type three-level atom and a quantized two-mode radiation field in a cavity in the presence of nonlinearities was studied. After giving a brief review of the procedure for obtaining the state vector of the atom-field system, we investigated some further interesting and important physical features of the whole system state, which are of particular interest to the quantum optics field of research, i.e., the number-phase entropic uncertainty relation (based on the two-mode Pegg–Barnett formalism) and a few of the nonclassicality signs that consist of sub-Poissonian statistics, Cauchy–Schwartz inequality, and two types of squeezing phenomena. During our presentation, the effects of intensity-dependent coupling, deformed Kerr medium, and the detuning parameters on the depth and domain of each of the mentioned nonclassical criteria of the considered quantum system are described in detail. The results show that each of the mentioned nonclassicality aspects can be obtained by appropriately choosing the related parameters.
We consider the model of a weakly driven optical cavity containing two clouds of atomic Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). Nonclassical photon correlations and correlations between the two atomic BECs are investigated under different cavity conditions including strong atom-field coupling and bad cavity regime. We show that the nonlinear interatom collisional interactions in BEC leads to a significant loss of cavity light coherence. Various types of nonclassical properties are investigated such as sub-Poissonian statistics, antibunching and entanglement. We show that the entanglement can be generated between BECs and the cavity field. The time evolution of entanglement is also numerically studied.
An analytic operator solution of a generalized quantum mechanical Hamiltonian of two-mode Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is obtained for short-time dynamics and the same is used to investigate the nonclassical properties of the modes present in the system. Nonclassical characters are observed by means of single-mode and intermodal quadrature squeezing, single-mode and intermodal sub-Poissonian boson statistics, and intermodal entanglement. In addition to the traditionally studied lower-order nonclassical properties, signatures of higher-order nonclassical characters of two-mode BEC systems are also obtained by investigating the possibility of higher-order antibunching and higher-order entanglement. The mutual relation among the observed nonclassicalities and their evolution (variation) with time and the ratio of the single boson tunneling amplitude ($\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$) and the coupling constant for the intramodal interaction ($\ensuremath{\kappa}$) are also reported.
We investigate nonclassical properties of a state generated by the interaction of a three-level atom with a quantized cavity field and an external classical driving field. In this study, the fields being degenerate in frequency are highly detuned from the atom. The atom interacts with the quantized field in a dispersive manner. The experimental setup involves a three-level atom passing through a cavity and interacting dispersively with the cavity field mode. Simultaneously, the atom interacts with an external classical field that is in resonance with the cavity field. The three-level atom can enter the cavity in one of the bare states [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] or in a superposition of two of these states. In this paper, we consider superposition of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In our analysis, we focus on the statistical properties of the cavity field after interacting with the atom. The state vector [Formula: see text] describes the entire atom–field system but we analyze the properties of the cavity field independently neglecting the atomic component of the system. For this the atom part is traced out from [Formula: see text] to acquire the cavity field state only, denoted by [Formula: see text]. We evaluate different nonclassical measures including photon number distribution, Mandel’s [Formula: see text] parameter, squeezing properties [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], Wigner distribution, [Formula: see text] function, second-order correlation function [Formula: see text], etc. for the obtained cavity field state.