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arXiv:1711.05720 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Electromagnetically induced transparency in an isotopically purified Nd3+:YLiF4 crystal

Ахмеджанов Ринат Абдулхаевич, Л. А. Гущин, Н. А. Низов, В. А. Низов, D. A. Sobgayda, I. V. Zelensky, А. А. Калачев

Published Jun 13, 2018• 12 citations
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Abstract

We report the first observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an isotopically purified ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{YLiF}}_{4}$ crystal. This crystal demonstrates inhomogeneous broadening of optical transitions of about 35 MHz. EIT is observed in a symmetrical $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-like system formed by two hyperfine sublevels of the ground state corresponding to a zero first-order Zeeman (ZEFOZ) transition and a hyperfine sublevel of the excited state, which is not coupled to other ground-state sublevels. It is found that transmission of the probe field as a function of the two-photon detuning demonstrates a comblike structure that can be attributed to superhyperfine coupling between ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions and fluorine nuclei. The observed structure can be resolved only in the vicinity of the ZEFOZ point where the homogeneous linewidth of the spin transition is sufficiently small. The results pave the way for implementing solid-state quantum memories based on off-resonant Raman interaction without spectral tailoring of optical transitions.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.97.245123

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We report the first observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an isotopically purified Nd3+:YLiF4{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{YLiF}}_{4}Nd3+:YLiF4​ crystal. This crystal demonstrates inhomogeneous broadening of optical transitions of about 35 MHz. EIT is observed in a symmetrical \ensuremathΛ\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\ensuremathΛ-like system formed by two hyperfine sublevels of the ground state corresponding to a zero first-order Zeeman (ZEFOZ) transition and a hyperfine sublevel of the excited state, which is not coupled to other ground-state sublevels. It is found that transmission of the probe field as a function of the two-photon detuning demonstrates a comblike structure that can be attributed to superhyperfine coupling between Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ ions and fluorine nuclei. The observed structure can be resolved only in the vicinity of the ZEFOZ point where the homogeneous linewidth of the spin transition is sufficiently small. The results pave the way for implementing solid-state quantum memories based on off-resonant Raman interaction without spectral tailoring of optical transitions.
We report the observation of optically resolved isotope, hyperfine, and superhyperfine structure in the spectrum of Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ ions in YLiF4,{\mathrm{YLiF}}_{4},YLiF4​, isotopically pure in 7Li.{}^{7}\mathrm{Li}.7Li. This observation was made on the ${(4f}^{3}\ensuremath{-}{4f}^{3}),$ 4I9/2(1)4F3/2(1){}^{4}{I}_{9/2}{(1)}^{4}{F}_{3/2}(1)4I9/2​(1)4F3/2​(1) transition of Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ ions present as impurities at ppm levels. The optical linewidths of the transitions of the even mass number isotopes, 142Nd,{}^{142}\mathrm{Nd},142Nd, 144Nd,{}^{144}\mathrm{Nd},144Nd, 146Nd,{}^{146}\mathrm{Nd},146Nd, 148Nd,{}^{148}\mathrm{Nd},148Nd, and 150Nd,{}^{150}\mathrm{Nd},150Nd, are only 45 MHz which makes it very easy to resolve the isotope shift of 115 MHz/unit mass. The hyperfine structure of the two odd mass number isotopes, 143Nd{}^{143}\mathrm{Nd}143Nd and 145Nd,{}^{145}\mathrm{Nd},145Nd, are resolved and the hyperfine parameters are determined in both the ground and electronically excited states. Some of the transitions have linewidths as narrow as 10 MHz. These are the narrowest optical inhomogeneous linewidths observed in solids. In addition, each even isotope line is split by 30 MHz. The observed splitting is assigned to a superhyperfine coupling between Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ and its nearest-neighbor fluorine nuclei. Here, a superhyperfine splitting has been resolved in an optical spectrum. The optical line shapes for the even isotopes are calculated as the sum of all transitions between the superhyperfine components (Nd3+({\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}(Nd3+ with its eight nearest-neighbor F nuclei) of the ground and excited electronic states, considering both magnetic dipole-dipole (including spin-transfer contributions) and contact interactions. The results are in quantitative agreement with experiment.
We study Lambda-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in cryogenically-cooled, europium and praseodymium doped yttrium orthosilicate (Eu:YSO and Pr:YSO). We use spectral hole burning techniques to vary the optical inhomogeneous width of the sub-ensemble of atoms participating in the EIT. The effect of inhomogeneous broadening has been studied in the context of Doppler broadened gases, but less so in solids where motional effects are absent and the coherence is not limited by the transit of atoms through the optical field. Rare earth doped crystals, like many solid-state systems, exhibit spectral hole burning in which a narrowband laser field optically pumps atoms to states in the ground manifold that are dark with respect to the applied field, opening up a transparency window that persists after the pumping laser is shuttered. More complex sequences of fields at multiple frequencies can create arbitrary spectral profiles, within bounds set by the particular energy level structure of the atoms. For both Eu:YSO and Pr:YSO, there are three hyperfine ground states and three hyperfine excited states (at zero magnetic field) and all nine transitions are dipole-allowed with varying transition strengths. We use spectral hole-burning techniques to prepare a sub-ensemble of atoms in a particular frequency class and a particular ground spin state, while also pumping atoms out of another ground state to create a Lambda system. We observe the same functional dependence of the EIT width on the optical inhomogeneous width and independently calibrated control field Rabi frequency in both systems.
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Rare-earth ion-doped crystals are promising systems for quantum communication and quantum information processing. In particular, paramagnetic rare-earth centers can be utilized to realize quantum coherent interfaces simultaneously for optical and microwave photons. In this paper, we study hyperfine and magnetic properties of a Y2SiO5{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}Y2​SiO5​ crystal doped with 171Yb3+^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{3+}171Yb3+ ions. This isotope is particularly interesting since it is the only rare--earth ion having electronic spin S=12S=\frac{1}{2}S=21​ and nuclear spin I=12I=\frac{1}{2}I=21​, which results in the simplest possible hyperfine level structure. In this work, we determine the hyperfine tensors for the ground and excited states on the optical $^{2}\mathrm{F}_{7/2}(0)\ensuremath{\longleftrightarrow}^{2}\mathrm{F}_{5/2}(0)$ transition by combining spectral hole burning and optically detected magnetic resonance techniques. The resulting spin Hamiltonians correctly predict the magnetic-field dependence of all observed optical-hyperfine transitions, from zero applied field up to fields where the Zeeman interaction is dominating the hyperfine interaction. Using the optical absorption spectrum, we can also determine the order of the hyperfine levels in both states. These results pave the way for realizing solid-state optical and microwave quantum memories based on a 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}171Yb3+:Y2​SiO5​ crystal.